0001713683-20-000163 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	Jul. 31, 2020	Aug. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jul. 31, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38413
Entity Registrant Name	ZSCALER, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	26-1173892
Entity Address, Address Line One	120 Holger Way
Entity Address, City or Town	San Jose
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	95134
City Area Code	408
Local Phone Number	533-0288
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value
Trading Symbol	ZS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 4.0
Shares Outstanding		132,906,329
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to its fiscal year 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K where indicated. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates.
Entity Central Index Key	0001713683
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--07-31

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 141,851	$ 78,484
Short-term investments	1,228,722	286,162
Accounts receivable, net	147,584	93,341
Deferred contract acquisition costs	32,240	21,219
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	31,396	16,880
Total current assets	1,581,793	496,086
Property and equipment, net	75,734	41,046
Operating lease right-of-use assets	36,119
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	77,675	48,566
Acquired intangible assets, net	24,024	8,708
Goodwill	30,059	7,479
Other noncurrent assets	8,054	2,277
Total assets	1,833,458	604,162
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	5,233	6,208
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	16,361	12,810
Accrued compensation	49,444	21,544
Deferred revenue	337,263	221,387
Operating lease liabilities	15,600
Total current liabilities	423,901	261,949
Convertible senior notes, net	861,615	0
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	32,504	29,815
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	28,023
Other noncurrent liabilities	2,586	3,840
Total liabilities	1,348,629	295,604
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 200,000 shares authorized as of July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively; no shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2020 and 2019	0	0
Common stock; $0.001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized as of July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively; 132,817 and 127,253 shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively	133	127
Additional paid-in capital	823,804	532,618
Accumulated other comprehensive income	463	268
Accumulated deficit	(339,571)	(224,455)
Total stockholders’ equity	484,829	308,558
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,833,458	$ 604,162

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	200,000,000	200,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000,000	1,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	132,817,000	127,253,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	132,817,000	127,253,000

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 431,269	$ 302,836	$ 190,174
Cost of revenue	95,733	59,669	37,875
Gross profit	335,536	243,167	152,299
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	277,981	169,913	116,409
Research and development	97,879	61,969	39,379
General and administrative	73,632	46,598	31,135
Total operating expenses	449,492	278,480	186,923
Loss from operations	(113,956)	(35,313)	(34,624)
Interest income	6,477	7,730	2,236
Interest expense	(5,025)	0	0
Other income (expense), net	(224)	(329)	79
Loss before income taxes	(112,728)	(27,912)	(32,309)
Provision for income taxes	2,388	743	1,337
Net loss	(115,116)	(28,655)	(33,646)
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	0	0	(6,332)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (115,116)	$ (28,655)	$ (39,978)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.23)	$ (0.63)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in shares)	129,323	123,566	63,881

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (115,116)	$ (28,655)	$ (33,646)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized net gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	195	392	(124)
Total	195	392	(124)
Comprehensive loss	$ (114,921)	$ (28,263)	$ (33,770)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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+ Details

Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative effect of accounting change	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital Cumulative effect of accounting change	Notes Receivable From Stockholders	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Cumulative effect of accounting change
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2017	72,501
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, beginning balance at Jul. 31, 2017	$ 200,977
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	$ 6,332
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering (in shares)	(72,501)
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering	$ (207,309)
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2018	0
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance at Jul. 31, 2018	$ 0
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2017			32,359
Beginning balance at Jul. 31, 2017	(151,142)	$ 0	$ 18	$ 18,734	$ 438	$ (7,878)	$ 0	$ (162,016)	$ (438)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	(6,332)			(6,332)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)			1,712
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	4,985		$ 2	4,983
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options (in shares)			180
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options	0
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)			(788)
Repurchases of unvested common stock	214					214
Repayments of principal amount on notes receivable from stockholders	5,346					5,346
Accrued interest on notes receivable from stockholders, net of repayments	267					267
Vesting of early exercised stock options	3,255		$ 12	3,243
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts of $15,456 and issuance costs of $6,164 (in shares)			13,800
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts of $15,456 and issuance costs of $6,164	198,880		$ 14	198,866
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering (in shares)			72,501
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering	207,309		$ 73	207,236
Stock-based compensation	11,224			11,224
Unrealized net gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	(124)						(124)
Net loss	(33,646)							(33,646)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2018			119,764
Ending balance at Jul. 31, 2018	$ 240,236	$ 0	$ 119	438,392	$ (300)	(2,051)	(124)	(196,100)	$ 300
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2019	0
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance at Jul. 31, 2019	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)			6,277
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	29,862		$ 7	29,855
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)			(8)
Repurchases of unvested common stock	0
Repayments of principal amount on notes receivable from stockholders	1,905					1,905
Accrued interest on notes receivable from stockholders, net of repayments	146					146
Vesting of early exercised stock options	983			983
Stock-based compensation	46,953			46,953
Unrealized net gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	392						392
Net loss	(28,655)							(28,655)
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan (in shares)			1,131
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan	16,436		$ 1	16,435
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			89
Vesting of restricted stock units	0
Adjustment to initial public offering costs	$ 300			300
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2019	127,253		127,253
Ending balance at Jul. 31, 2019	$ 308,558		$ 127	532,618		0	268	(224,455)
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2020	0
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance at Jul. 31, 2020	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	3,450		3,450
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 21,602		$ 4	21,598
Vesting of early exercised stock options	463			463
Stock-based compensation	125,675			125,675
Unrealized net gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	195						195
Net loss	(115,116)							(115,116)
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan (in shares)			817
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan	15,333		$ 1	15,332
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			1,297
Vesting of restricted stock units	0		$ 1	(1)
Equity component of convertible senior notes, net of deferred tax	273,364			273,364
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes	$ (145,245)			(145,245)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2020	132,817		132,817
Ending balance at Jul. 31, 2020	$ 484,829		$ 133	$ 823,804		$ 0	$ 463	$ (339,571)

Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Payments for underwriting expense	$ 15,500	$ 15,456
Issuance costs	$ 6,200	$ 6,164

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (115,116)	$ (28,655)	$ (33,646)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	17,734	10,398	7,988
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	3,384	908	0
Capitalized Contract Cost, Amortization	24,922	18,651	13,181
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	4,885	0	0
Noncash operating lease costs	13,555
Stock-based compensation expense	121,395	46,423	11,224
Amortization (accretion) of investments purchased at a premium (discount)	50	(2,181)	0
Deferred income taxes	(1,172)	(1,392)	0
Impairment of assets	746	0	0
Other	321	284	130
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(54,222)	(31,730)	(22,559)
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(65,052)	(32,526)	(34,429)
Prepaid expenses, other current and noncurrent assets	(13,580)	(7,642)	(5,068)
Accounts payable	862	495	(779)
Accrued expenses, other current and noncurrent liabilities	2,292	(336)	2,076
Accrued compensation	27,900	(1,849)	11,785
Deferred revenue	118,017	87,179	67,404
Operating lease liabilities	(7,604)
Net cash provided by operating activities	79,317	58,027	17,307
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property, equipment and other assets	(43,072)	(25,520)	(13,397)
Capitalized internal-use software	(8,737)	(3,162)	(1,773)
Acquired intangible assets	0	(1,480)	0
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(39,601)	(11,432)	0
Investment in a privately held company	(2,000)	0	0
Purchases of short-term investments	(1,255,629)	(335,186)	(163,366)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments	289,785	199,716	433
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments	21,092	14,990	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,038,162)	(162,074)	(178,103)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions	0	0	205,344
Payments of offering costs related to initial public offering	0	(1,797)	(4,336)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	21,602	29,862	4,985
Proceeds from issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options	0	0	869
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan	15,333	16,436	0
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs	1,130,522	0	0
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes	(145,245)	0	0
Repurchases of unvested common stock	0	(22)	(3,811)
Repayments of notes receivable from stockholders	0	1,905	5,346
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,022,212	46,384	208,397
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	63,367	(57,663)	47,601
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	78,484	136,147	88,546
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	141,851	78,484	136,147
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net of tax refunds	2,525	1,770	870
Noncash activities
Net change in purchased equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	(1,486)	2,911	(537)
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations, net of terminations	31,673	0	0
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	0	0	6,332
Repurchases of unvested common stock by cancellation of indebtedness	0	0	214
Vesting of early exercised common stock options	463	983	3,255
Net change in deferred offering costs accrued	0	(2,097)	940
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock	0	0	207,309
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 141,851	$ 136,147	$ 88,546

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Jul. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of the Business Zscaler, Inc. ("Zscaler," the "Company," "we," "us," or "our") is a cloud security company that developed a platform incorporating core security functionalities needed to enable users to safely utilize authorized applications and services based on an organization’s policies. Our solution is a purpose-built, multi-tenant, distributed cloud platform that secures access for users and devices to applications and services, regardless of location. We deliver our solutions using a software-as-a-service ("SaaS") business model and sell subscriptions to customers to access our cloud platform, together with related support services. We were incorporated in Delaware in September 2007 and conduct business worldwide, with presence in North America, Europe and Asia. Our headquarters are in San Jose, California. Reverse Stock Split In March 2018, our board of directors approved an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation effecting a 2-for-3 reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock. The reverse stock split was effected on March 1, 2018. The par value of the common stock and the convertible preferred stock was not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock split. All issued and outstanding share and per share amounts included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect this reverse stock split for all periods presented. Initial Public Offering In March 2018, we completed our initial public offering ("IPO") of common stock, in which we sold 13.8 million shares. The shares were sold at an IPO price of $16.00 per share for net proceeds of $205.3 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $15.5 million. In connection with the IPO, we incurred offering costs of $6.2 million which were recorded within stockholders’ equity as a reduction of the net proceeds received from the IPO. Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO, all our outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock were automatically converted into $72.5 million shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis. Fiscal Year Our fiscal year ends on July 31. References to fiscal 2020, for example, refer to our fiscal year ended July 31, 2020. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of revenue recognition, deferred revenue, deferred contract acquisition costs, valuation of acquired intangible assets, the period of benefit generated from our deferred contract acquisition costs, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of common stock options and stock-based awards, useful lives of property and equipment, useful lives of acquired intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, loss contingencies related to litigation, fair value and effective interest rate of our convertible senior notes, valuation of strategic investments and the discount rate used for operating leases. Management determines these estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is ongoing uncertainty and significant disruption in the global economy and financial markets. We are not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require an update to our estimates, judgments or assumptions or a revision to the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of issuance of these financial statements. These estimates, judgments and assumptions may change in the future, as new events occur or additional information is obtained. Foreign Currency The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, monetary assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are re-measured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the reporting date, non-monetary assets and liabilities are re-measured at historical rates, revenue and expenses are re-measured at average exchange rates in effect during each reporting period. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. We recognized re-measurement losses of $0.3 million, $0.3 million and $0.1 million for fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively. JOBS Act Extended Transition Period As a result of the market value of our common stock held by our non-affiliates as of January 31, 2019, we ceased to be an “emerging growth company” ("EGC"), as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"), with our transition to a large accelerated filer status as of July 31, 2019. As an EGC, we elected not to avail ourselves of the extended transition periods available for complying with new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Accordingly, the transition to a large accelerated filer did not have an impact to our consolidated financial statements. Concentration of Risks We generate revenue primarily from sale of subscriptions to access our cloud platform, together with related support services. Our sales team, along with our channel partner network of global telecommunications service providers, system integrators and value-added resellers (collectively "channel partners"), sells our services worldwide to organizations of all sizes. Due to the nature of our services and the terms and conditions of our contracts with our channel partners, our business could be affected unfavorably if we are not able to continue our relationships with them. Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Although we deposit our cash with multiple financial institutions, the deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of highly liquid investments in money market funds, U.S. treasury, U.S. agency securities and corporate debt securities, which are invested through financial institutions in the United States. We grant credit to our customers in the normal course of business. We monitor the financial condition of our customers to reduce credit risk. Refer to Note 2, Revenue Recognition, for information regarding customers with concentration of 10% of more of the total balance of accounts receivable, net. Segment Information We operate as one reportable and operating segment. Our chief operating decision maker is our chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources. Revenue Recognition We adopted Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers ("ASC 606"), effective as of August 1, 2017. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services. To achieve the core principle of this standard, we apply the following five steps: 1) Identify the contract with a customer We consider the terms and conditions of the contracts and our customary business practices in identifying our contracts under ASC 606. We determine we have a contract with a customer when the contract is approved, we can identify each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred, we can identify the payment terms for the services, we have determined the customer has the ability and intent to pay and the contract has commercial substance. We apply judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intent to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. 2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Our performance obligations consist of (i) our subscription and support services and (ii) professional and other services. 3) Determine the transaction price The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component. 4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price ("SSP"). 5) Recognize revenue when or as we satisfy a performance obligation Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised service to a customer. Revenue is recognized when control of the services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those services. We generate all our revenue from contracts with customers and apply judgment in identifying and evaluating any terms and conditions in contracts which may impact revenue recognition. Subscription and Support Revenue We generate revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions to access our cloud platform, together with related support services to our customers. Arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of our software operating our cloud platform at any time. Instead, customers are granted continuous access to our cloud platform over the contractual period. A time-elapsed output method is used to measure progress because we transfer control evenly over the contractual period. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to subscription and support revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. The typical subscription and support term is one to three years. Most of our contracts are non-cancelable over the contractual term. Customers typically have the right to terminate their contracts for cause if we fail to perform in accordance with the contractual terms. Some of our customers have the option to purchase additional subscription and support services at a stated price. These options generally do not provide a material right as they are priced at our SSP. Professional and Other Services Revenue Professional and other services revenue consists of fees associated with providing deployment advisory services that educate and assist our customers on the best use of our solutions, as well as advise customers on best practices as they deploy our solution. These services are distinct from subscription and support services. Professional services do not result in significant customization of the subscription service. Revenue from professional services provided on a time and materials basis is recognized as the services are performed. Total professional and other services revenue has historically not been material. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations Most of our contracts with customers contain multiple promised services consisting of: (i) our subscription and support services and (ii) professional and other services that are distinct and accounted for separately. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative SSP basis. We determine SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration the type of subscription and support services and professional and other services, the geographical region of the customer and the number of users. Variable Consideration Revenue from sales is recorded at the net sales price, which is the transaction price, and includes estimates of variable consideration. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price is constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue will not occur when the uncertainty is resolved. If our services do not meet certain service level commitments, our customers are entitled to receive service credits, and in certain cases, refunds, each representing a form of variable consideration. We have historically not experienced any significant incidents affecting the defined levels of reliability and performance as required by our subscription contracts. Accordingly, estimated refunds related to these agreements were not material to the periods presented. We provide rebates and other credits within our contracts with certain customers, which are estimated based on the value expected to be earned or claimed on the related sales transaction. Overall, the transaction price is reduced to reflect our estimate of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. Estimated rebates and other credits were not material during the periods presented. Accounts Receivable and Allowance Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. We have a well-established collections history from our customers. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. In determining the necessary allowance for doubtful accounts, management considers the current aging and financial condition of our customers, the amount of receivables in dispute and current payment patterns. The allowance for doubtful accounts has historically not been material. There were no material write-offs recognized in the periods presented. Accordingly, the movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts were not material for any of the periods presented. We do not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to our customers. Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments We classify all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less from the date of purchase as cash equivalents and all highly liquid investments with original maturities beyond 90 days at the time of purchase as short-term investments. Our cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of highly liquid investments in money market funds, U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities and corporate debt securities. We classify our investments as available-for-sale investments and present them within current assets since these investments represent funds available for current operations and we have the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate any of these investments in order to meet our liquidity needs within the next 12 months and expected investments to grow our business, including potential business acquisitions and other strategic transactions. Our investments are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Our investments are reviewed periodically to determine whether a decline in a security’s fair value below the amortized cost basis is other-than-temporary. If the cost of an individual investment exceeds its fair value, we consider available quantitative and qualitative factors such as the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and our intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized cost basis. If we believe that a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, we write down these investments to fair value. There were no impairments recognized on our investments during the periods presented. Interest income, amortization (accretion) of investments purchased at a premium (discount), realized gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other-than-temporary on our available-for-sale securities are included in interest income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. We use the specific identification method to determine the cost in calculating realized gains and losses upon the sale of these investments. Strategic Investments Our strategic investments consist of non-marketable equity investment in privately-held companies in which we do not have a controlling interest or significant influence. We have elected to apply the measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair value, measuring them at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar security of the issuer. An impairment loss is recorded when events or circumstances indicates a decline in value has occurred. We include these strategic investments within other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Our financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and convertible senior notes. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are recorded at fair value. Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short-time to the expected receipt or payment date. Assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets, consisting of cash equivalents and short-term investments, are categorized in accordance with the fair value hierarchy based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values. Convertible senior notes are carried at the initially allocated liability value less unamortized debt discount and issuance costs on its consolidated balance sheet, and it presents the fair value of the convertible senior notes at each reporting period for disclosure purposes only. Property and Equipment Property and equipment, net are stated at historical cost net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment, excluding leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and significant improvements and betterments that substantially enhance the life of an asset are capitalized. Capitalized Internal-Use Software Development Costs We capitalize certain costs incurred during the application development stage in connection with software development for our cloud security platform. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are recorded as part of property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years, and is recorded as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. Capitalization of development costs, inclusive of stock-based compensation, of software for internal-use in fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 was $13.2 million, $3.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Amortization expense of capitalized software for internal-use in fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 was $1.4 million, $1.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Business Combinations We account for our business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, allocation of the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we make estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill if new information is obtained related to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. After the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition costs, such as legal and consulting fees, are expensed as incurred. Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets, including Acquired Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of purchase consideration in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill amounts are not amortized, but rather tested for impairment at least annually or more often if circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. No indications of impairment of goodwill were noted during the periods presented. Acquired intangible assets consist of identifiable intangible assets, including developed technology and customer relationships, resulting from business combinations. Acquired finite-lived intangible assets are initially recorded at fair value and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense of developed technology and customer relationships is recorded primarily within cost of revenues, sales and marketing and research and development expenses, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations. Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and acquired intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We measure the recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows that these assets are expected to generate. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of an asset, we record an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value. In fiscal 2020, we recognized asset impairments of $0.7 million in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of operations related primarily to the abandonment of a leased facility and relocation of our corporate headquarters. Deferred Offering Costs Deferred offering costs consisted of fees and expenses incurred in connection with the sale of our common stock in an IPO, including legal, accounting, printing and other IPO-related costs. Total deferred offering costs of $6.2 million were reclassified into stockholders' equity as a reduction of the net proceeds received from the IPO in fiscal 2018. Operating Leases We enter into operating lease arrangements for real estate assets related to office space and co-location assets related to space and racks at data center facilities. We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at its inception by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration. Operating leases related balances are included in "operating lease right-of-use assets," "operating lease liabilities," and "operating lease liabilities, noncurrent" in our consolidated balance sheets. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease payments consist of the fixed payments under the arrangement. The operating lease liabilities is adjusted for any unpaid lease incentives, such as tenant improvement allowances. Variable costs, such as maintenance and utilities based on actual usage, are not included in the measurement of right-to-use assets and lease liabilities but are expensed when the event determining the amount of variable consideration to be paid occurs. As the implicit rate of our leases is not determinable, we use an incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We generally use the base, non-cancelable lease term when recognizing the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, unless it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised. We account for lease components and non-lease components as a single lease component. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are not recognized on the consolidated balance sheets. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Stock-Based Compensation Compensation expense related to stock-based awards granted to employees and non-employees is calculated based on the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant. We recognize stock-based compensation expense over an award’s requisite service period based on the award’s fair value. Stock-based compensation for common stock options is recognized based on the fair value of the awards granted, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and a single option award approach. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, generally four years. Stock-based compensation for purchase rights granted under the employee stock purchase plan is based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model fair value of the number of awards estimated as of the beginning of the offering period. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized following the straight-line attribution method over the offering period. Stock-based compensation for restricted stock units is measured based on the market closing price of our common stock on the grant date. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, generally four years. Stock-based compensation for performance stock awards (“PSAs”) which have the same grant date and service inception date, is based on the probable number of shares to be attained and the market closing price of our common stock at the grant date. For PSAs where the service inception date of the awards precedes the grant date, stock-based compensation expense is recognized based on the number of PSAs for which it is probable that the performance condition will be met, using the accelerated attribution method and the market closing price of our common stock at each reporting date up to the grant date. The number of these PSAs for which it is probable that the performance condition will be met is determined using management’s best estimate at the end of each reporting period. At the completion of the performance period for these PSAs, any earned PSAs are granted upon approval of the compensation committee of our board of directors. Prior to our IPO, the fair value of our common stock for financial reporting purposes was determined considering numerous objective and subjective factors and required judgment to determine the fair value of common stock as of each grant date. Subsequent to the IPO, we determine the fair value using the market closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. Convertible Senior Notes In accounting for the issuance of the convertible senior notes, we separate the convertible senior notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amounts of the liability component is calculated by measuring the fair value of similar liabilities that do not have associated convertible features. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the convertible senior notes as a whole. This difference represents the debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the convertible senior notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component was recorded in additional paid-in capital and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the related debt issuance costs, we allocate the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the convertible senior notes based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the convertible senior notes. The issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted against the equity component representing the conversion option in additional paid-in capital. To the extent that we receive the convertible senior notes conversion requests prior to their maturity, a portion of the equity component is classified as temporary equity, which is measured as the difference between the principal and net carrying amount of the convertible senior notes requested for conversion. Upon settlement of the conversion requests, the difference between the fair value and the amortized book value of the liability component of the convertible senior notes requested for conversion is recorded as a gain or loss on early note conversion. The fair value of the convertible senior notes is measured based on a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature based on the remaining term of the convertible senior notes. Research and Development Our research and development expenses support our efforts to add new features to our existing offerings and to ensure the reliability, availability and scalability of our solutions. Our cloud platform is software-driven, and our research and development teams employ software engineers in the design and the related development, testing, certification and support of our solutions. Accordingly, the majority of our research and development expenses result from employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits and costs associated with technology tools used by our engineers. Advertising Expenses Advertising expenses are charged to sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred. We recognized advertising expense of $11.8 million, $8.6 million and $3.4 million in fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively. Warranties and Indemnification Our cloud platform is generally warranted to be free of defects under normal use and to perform substantially in accordance with the subscription agreement. Additionally, our contracts generally include provisions for indemnifying customers and channel partners against liabilities if our services infringe or misappropriate a third party’s intellectual property rights. Costs and liabilities incurred as a result of warranties and indemnification obligations were not material during the periods presented. Legal Contingencies We may be subject to legal proceedings and litigation arising from time to time. We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. We periodically evaluate developments in our legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that we accrue, if any, and adjust, as appropriate. Until the final resolution of any such matter for which we may be required to record a liability, there may be a loss exposure in excess of the liability recorded and such amount could be significant. We expense legal fees as incurred. Income Taxes We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying the enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the Tax Act, was enacted. The Tax Act contains several key tax provisions that affect us, including, but not limited to, those reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34% to 21%, imposing a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously untaxed foreign earnings and changing rules related to the use of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. Because of the full valuation allowance recorded against our U.S. federal deferred tax assets, there was no income tax expense (or benefit) recognized related to the Tax Act. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments that are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity and are excluded from net loss. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Prior to the IPO, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. We consider all series of our convertible preferred stock to be participating securities. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the holders of our convertible preferred stock do not have a contractual obligation to share in our losses. Under the two-class method, net income is attributed to common stockholders and participating securities based on their participation rights. Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net loss attributable to common stockholders is calculated by adjusting the net loss for the accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding during the period. Upon closing of the IPO, all shares of convertible preferred stock then outstanding were automatically converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis and their carrying amount reclassified into stockholders’ equity (deficit). As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, we did not have shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding. Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts basic earnings per share for all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of stock options, shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options, share purchase rights under the employee stock purchase plan, unvested restricted stock units ("RSUs"), unvested performance stock awards ("PSAs") and shares related to convertible senior notes. Since we have reported net losses for all periods presented, we have excluded all potentially dilutive securities from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is antidilutive and accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same for all periods presented. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"), as amended, which requires recognition of lease assets and liabilities for leases with terms of more than 12 months. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this standard effective August 1, 2019 using the transitional provision which allows for the adoption of Topic 842 to be applied on a modified retrospective basis at the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. As such, the consolidated balance sheets for prior periods are not comparable to our fiscal 2020 periods. The adoption of this new standard resulted in the recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets of $16.9 million and operating lease liabilities of $18.0 million. We have elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows us to carryforward our historical lease classification, our assessment on whether a contract is or contains a lease, and our initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the new standard. We have also elected to combine lease and non-lease components for real estate and co-location arrangements. In addition, we elected not to recognize lease liabilities and related right-of-use assets for leases that, at the lease commencement date, have a lease term of 12 months or less. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) ("ASU 2019-12"): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new standard eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences related to changes in ownership of equity method investments and foreign subsidiaries. The guidance also simplifies aspects of accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates, and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. For public business entities, it is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We early adopted this standard as of November 1, 2019, and it did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This standard amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities to require that credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. The measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets and subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded in the statements of operations. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this standard effective August 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective transition method. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, which is not expected to be material. In June 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This standard eliminates the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models for convertible instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity’s own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. In addition, the new guidance modifies how particular convertible instruments and certain contracts that may be settled in cash or shares impact the diluted EPS computation. For public business entities, it is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years using the fully retrospective or modified retrospective method. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

Subscription and support revenue is recognized over time and accounted for approximately 98%, 99% and 99% of our revenue in fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively.

The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the shipping address of customers who have contracted to use our cloud platform:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020						2019						2018
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
United States	$	210,288	49	%	$	148,807	49	%	$	86,123	45	%
Europe, Middle East and Africa ^(*)	174,497		40		124,437		41		84,828		45
Asia Pacific	38,793		9		23,838		8		14,465		8
Other	7,691		2		5,754		2		4,758		2
Total	$	431,269	100	%	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%

_____

(*) Revenue from the United Kingdom represented 10%, 10% and 11% of the total revenue for fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively.

The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020						2019						2018
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
Channel partners	$	414,908	96	%	$	289,579	96	%	$	175,798	92	%
Direct customers	16,361		4		13,257		4		14,376		8
Total	$	431,269	100	%	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%

Significant Customers

No single customer accounted for 10% or more of the total revenue in the periods presented. The following table summarizes the concentration of 10% or more of the total balance of accounts receivable, net:


	July 31,
	2020		2019
Channel partner A	11	%	11	%
Channel partner B	*		12	%
Channel partner C	*		10	%

* Represents less than 10%.

Contract Balances

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Such amounts are recognized as revenue over the contractual period. In fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 we recognized revenue of $220.9 million, $143.9 million and $85.3 million, respectively, that was included in the corresponding contract liability balance at the beginning of the related fiscal year.

We receive payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules and accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically 30 days but may be up to 90 days for some of our channel partners. Contract assets include amounts related to our contractual right to consideration for both completed and partially completed performance obligations that may not have been invoiced and such amounts have historically not been material.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The typical subscription and support term is one to three years. Most of our subscription and support contracts are non-cancelable over the contractual term. However, customers typically have the right to terminate their contracts for cause, if we fail to perform. As of July 31, 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $782.8 million. We expect to recognize 55% of the transaction price over the next 12 months and 98% of the transaction price over the next three years, with the remainder recognized thereafter.

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

We capitalize sales commission and associated payroll taxes paid to internal sales personnel that are incremental to the acquisition of channel partner and direct customer contracts. These costs are recorded as deferred contract acquisition costs in the consolidated balance sheets. We determine whether costs should be deferred based on our sales compensation plans, if the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract.

Sales commissions for renewal of a contract are not considered commensurate with the commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract given the substantive difference in commission rates in proportion to their respective contract values. Commissions paid upon the initial acquisition of a contract are amortized over an estimated period of benefit of five years while commissions paid for renewal contracts are amortized over the contractual term of the renewals. Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs is recognized on a straight-line basis commensurate with the pattern of revenue recognition and included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. We determine the period of benefit for commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract by taking into consideration the expected subscription term and expected renewals of our customer contracts, the duration of our relationships with our customers, customer retention data, our technology development lifecycle and other factors. We periodically review the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit of these deferred costs. We did not recognize any impairment losses of deferred contract acquisition costs during the periods presented.

The following table summarizes the activity of the deferred contract acquisition costs:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	69,785	$	55,910	$	34,662
Capitalization of contract acquisition costs	65,052		32,526		34,429
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	(24,922)		(18,651)		(13,181)
Ending balance	$	109,915	$	69,785	$	55,910

Deferred contract acquisition costs	$	32,240	$	21,219	$	16,136
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	77,675		48,566		39,774
Total deferred contract acquisition costs	$	109,915	$	69,785	$	55,910

Sales commissions accrued but not paid as of July 31, 2020 and 2019, totaled $21.0 million and $9.0 million, respectively, which are included within accrued compensation in the consolidated balance sheets.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	51,690	$	—	$	—	$	51,690
U.S. treasury securities	39,997		—		(1)		39,996
U.S. government agency securities	14,997		—		—		14,997
Total	$	106,684	$	—	$	(1)	$	106,683

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	415,539	$	152	$	(127)	$	415,564
U.S. government agency securities	595,725		186		(114)		595,797
Corporate debt securities	216,879		569		(87)		217,361
Total	$	1,228,143	$	907	$	(328)	$	1,228,722

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	1,334,827	$	907	$	(329)	$	1,335,405

Cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	55,036	$	—	$	—	$	55,036





Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	125,042	$	248	$	(9)	$	125,281
U.S. government agency securities	64,689		7		(50)		64,646
Corporate debt securities	96,047		207		(19)		96,235
Total	$	285,778	$	462	$	(78)	$	286,162

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	340,814	$	462	$	(78)	$	341,198

The amortized cost and fair value of our short-term investments based on their stated maturities consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Due within one year	$	621,952	$	622,392
Due between one and two years	606,191		606,330
Total	$	1,228,143	$	1,228,722

Short-term investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of July 31, 2020 consisted of the following :


	Less than 12 Months						Greater than 12 Months						Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities	$	347,959	$	(127)	$	—	$	—	$	347,959	$	(127)
U.S. government agency securities	340,503		(113)		5,502		(1)		346,005		(114)
Corporate debt securities	105,953		(87)		—		—		105,953		(87)
Total	$	794,415	$	(327)	$	5,502	$	(1)	$	799,917	$	(328)

Short-term investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of July 31, 2019 consisted of the following :


	Less than 12 Months						Greater than 12 Months						Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities	$	5,719	$	(9)	$	—	$	—	$	5,719	$	(9)
U.S. government agency securities	36,550		(37)		9,992		(13)		46,542		(50)
Corporate debt securities	14,279		(16)		8,364		(3)		22,643		(19)
Total	$	56,548	$	(62)	$	18,356	$	(16)	$	74,904	$	(78)

Unrealized losses of the above securities were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

We review the individual securities that have unrealized losses in our short-term investment portfolio on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not any security has experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value. We evaluate, among others, whether we have the intention to sell any of these investments and whether it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell any of them before recovery of the amortized cost basis. Based on this evaluation, we determined that there were no other-than-temporary impairments associated with our short-term investments as of July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019.

Strategic Investments

During fiscal 2020, we invested in non-marketable equity securities of a privately-held company. This investment is accounted for under the cost method as we have less than 20% ownership and we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operations of this company. The carrying value of this investment was $2.0 million as of July 31, 2020, which is included within other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received from sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. We measure our financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when

measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

•Level I - Observable inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level II - Observable inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments; and

•Level III - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. These inputs are based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value and require significant management judgment or estimation.

Our money market funds are classified within Level I due to the highly liquid nature of these assets and have quoted prices in active markets. Certain of our investments in available-for-sale securities (i.e., U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities and corporate securities) are classified within Level II. The fair value of these securities is priced by using inputs based on non-binding market consensus prices that are primarily corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments.

Assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:


			Level I		Level II		Level III
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	51,690	$	51,690	$	—	$	—
U.S. treasury securities	39,996		—		39,996		—
U.S. government agency securities	14,997		—		14,997		—
Total	$	106,683	$	51,690	$	54,993	$	—

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	415,564	$	—	$	415,564	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	595,797		—		595,797		—
Corporate debt securities	217,361		—		217,361		—
Total	$	1,228,722	$	—	$	1,228,722	$	—

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	1,335,405	$	51,690	$	1,283,715	$	—

Assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


			Level I		Level II		Level III
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	55,036	$	55,036	$	—	$	—





Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	125,281	$	—	$	125,281	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	64,646		—		64,646		—
Corporate debt securities	96,235		—		96,235		—
Total	$	286,162	$	—	$	286,162	$	—

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	341,198	$	55,036	$	286,162	$	—

We did not have transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy of assets measured at fair value during the periods presented.

Refer to Note 8, Convertible Senior Notes, for the carrying amount and estimated fair value of our convertible senior notes as of July 31, 2020.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:


		July 31,
	Estimated Useful Life	2020		2019

		(in thousands)
Hosting equipment	3 years	$	87,418	$	56,910
Computers and equipment	3-5 years	3,875		2,837
Purchased software	3 years	1,311		1,311
Capitalized internal-use software	3 years	23,081		9,904
Furniture and fixtures	5 years	1,965		1,566
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or lease term	8,712		2,255
Property and equipment, gross		126,362		74,783
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(50,628)		(33,737)
Total property and equipment, net		$	75,734	$	41,046

We recognized depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment of $17.7 million, $10.4 million and $8.0 million in fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively.

Business Combinations

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Business Combinations

Edgewise Networks Inc.

On May 22, 2020, we acquired Edgewise Networks Inc. ("Edgewise"), a pioneer in securing application-to-application communications in public clouds and data centers. Edgewise customers measurably reduce the attack surface to lower the risk of application compromise and data breaches by simplifying the security of east-west communications through identity-based segmentation. With this acquisition, we will secure workloads and application-to-application communications for our customers.

Pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement, the aggregate purchase price consideration was approximately $30.7 million in cash, a portion of which was placed in escrow to partially secure our indemnification rights under the purchase agreement. Additionally, certain of Edgewise's employees who became our employees are entitled to receive additional consideration in the form of restricted stock units. These RSUs are subject to time-based vesting and will be recognized as stock-based compensation expense during the post-combination period.

In connection with this acquisition, we completed a valuation of the acquired identifiable intangible assets as of May 22, 2020 in order to allocate the purchase price consideration. The purchase price allocation resulted in the recognition of $16.7 million of goodwill, $13.9 million of developed technology and $1.3 million of customer relationships. The developed technology was valued using a replacement cost approach, which is based on the cost of a market participant to reconstruct a substitute asset of comparable utility. The customer relationships were also valued using the replacement cost approach, which is based on the cost of a market participant would incur to generate the acquired portfolio of customers. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired and is primarily attributable to the acquired workforce and expected operating synergies. Goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. We incurred approximately $0.6 million of acquisition related costs, which were recorded as general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2020.

The acquisition qualified as a stock transaction for tax purposes. As a result, we recognized a deferred tax liability for approximately $0.6 million, generated primarily from the difference between the tax basis and fair value of the acquired developed technology and customer relationships, which increased goodwill by the same amount. As we have a full valuation

allowance as of July 31, 2020, we recorded an income tax benefit as a result of the reduction of the valuation allowance due to establishment of the deferred tax liability in the consolidated statement of operations in fiscal 2020. Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for further information.

The allocation of the purchase price consideration consisted of the following:


	Amount		Estimated Useful Life

	(in thousands)
Assets acquired:
Cash and other assets	$	294
Operating lease right-of-use asset	630
Acquired intangible assets:
Developed technology	13,900		5 years
Customer relationships	1,300		5 years
Goodwill	16,709
Total	$	32,833
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	333
Deferred revenue	540
Operating lease liability	630
Deferred tax liability	620
Total	$	2,123

Total purchase price consideration	$	30,710

Cloudneeti Corporation

On April 16, 2020, we acquired Cloudneeti Corporation ("Cloudneeti"), a cloud security posture management company, which prevents and remediates application misconfigurations in cloud service models, including SaaS; infrastructure as a service, or IaaS; and platform as a service, or PaaS. With this acquisition, we further provide our industry-leading data protection coverage for our customers.

Pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement, the aggregate purchase price consideration was approximately $8.9 million in cash, a portion of which was placed in escrow to partially secure our indemnification rights under the purchase agreement. Additionally, certain of Cloudneeti's employees who became our employees are entitled to receive additional consideration in the form of restricted stock units. These RSUs are subject to performance and time-based vesting and will be recognized as stock-based compensation expense during the post-combination period.

In connection with this acquisition, we completed a valuation of the acquired identifiable intangible assets as of April 16, 2020 in order to allocate the purchase price consideration. The purchase price allocation resulted in the recognition of $5.9 million of goodwill and $3.5 million of developed technology. The developed technology was valued using a replacement cost approach, which is based on the cost of a market participant to reconstruct a substitute asset of comparable utility. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired and is primarily attributable to the acquired workforce and expected operating synergies. Goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. We incurred approximately $0.5 million of acquisition related costs, which were recorded as general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2020.

The acquisition qualified as a stock transaction for tax purposes. As a result, we recognized a deferred tax liability for approximately $0.5 million, generated primarily from the difference between the tax basis and fair value of the acquired developed technology, which increased goodwill by the same amount. As we have a full valuation allowance as of July 31, 2020, we recorded an income tax benefit as a result of the reduction of the valuation allowance due to establishment of the deferred tax liability in the consolidated statement of operations in fiscal 2020. Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for further information.

The allocation of the purchase price consideration consisted of the following:


	Amount		Estimated Useful Life

	(in thousands)
Assets acquired:
Cash and other assets	$	66
Acquired intangible assets:
Developed technology	3,500		5 years
Goodwill	5,871
Total	$	9,437
Liabilities assumed:
Deferred tax liability	$	490
Other liabilities	12
Total	$	502

Total purchase price consideration	$	8,935

Appsulate, Inc.

On May 29, 2019, we completed the acquisition Appsulate, Inc. ("Appsulate"), of an early stage software company. Pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement, the aggregate purchase price was approximately $12.9 million, with a portion subject to a holdback to partially secure our indemnification rights under the purchase agreement. As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, this holdback amount is reflected in our consolidated balance sheets within accrued expenses and other current liabilities and within other noncurrent liabilities, respectively.

In connection with this acquisition, we completed a valuation of the acquired identifiable intangible assets as of May 29, 2019, in order to allocate the purchase price consideration. The purchase price allocation resulted in the recognition of $7.3 million of goodwill and $7.0 million of developed technology. The developed technology was valued using a replacement cost approach, which is based on the cost of a market participant to reconstruct a substitute asset of comparable utility. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired and is primarily attributable to the acquired workforce and expected operating synergies. Goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. We incurred approximately $0.3 million of acquisition related costs, which were recorded as general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2019.

The acquisition qualified as a stock transaction for tax purposes. As a result, we recognized a deferred tax liability for approximately $1.4 million, generated primarily from the difference between the tax basis and fair value of the acquired developed technology, which increased goodwill by the same amount. As we have a full valuation allowance as of July 31, 2019, we recorded an income tax benefit as a result of the reduction of the valuation allowance due to establishment of the deferred tax liability in the consolidated statement of operations in fiscal 2019. Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for further information.

The allocation of the purchase price consideration, consisted of the following:


	Amount		Estimated Useful Life
	(in thousands)
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13
Acquired intangible assets:
Developed technology	7,000		4 years
Goodwill	$	7,281
Total	$	14,294
Liabilities assumed:
Deferred tax liability	$	1,422

Total purchase price consideration	$	12,872

Other acquisitions

In fiscal 2019, we also completed the acquisition of assets and other technology from a privately-held company with a purchase price of $1.1 million with a portion subject to a holdback to partially secure our indemnification rights under the purchase agreement. As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, this holdback amount is reflected in our consolidated balance sheets within accrued expenses and other current liabilities and within other noncurrent liabilities, respectively. Intangible assets acquired and goodwill recorded for this acquisition were not material to our consolidated financial statements.

Pro forma Financial Information

The pro forma financial information of the above business acquisitions, assuming the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year of the acquisition, as well as revenue and earnings generated during the current fiscal year, were not material for disclosure purposes.

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following:


	Amount
	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2019	$	7,479
Goodwill acquired	22,580
Balance as of July 31, 2020	$	30,059

Acquired Intangible Assets

Acquired intangible assets consist of developed technology and customer relationships acquired through our asset and business acquisitions. Acquired intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful lives.

Acquired intangible assets subject to amortization consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020 and 2019:


	Gross Carrying Amount										Accumulated Amortization							Net Carrying Amount	Weighted Average Remaining Useful life
	July 31, 2019		Additions		July 31, 2020		July 31, 2019		Amortization Expense		July 31, 2020		July 31, 2019		July 31, 2020		July 31, 2020

	(in thousands)																			(years)
Developed technology	$	9,456	$	17,400	$	26,856	$	(897)	$	(3,309)	$	(4,206)	$	8,559	$	22,650	4.2
Customer relationships	160		1,300		1,460		(11)		(75)		(86)		149		1,374		4.7
Total	$	9,616	$	18,700	$	28,316	$	(908)	$	(3,384)	$	(4,292)	$	8,708	$	24,024	4.3

The weighted-average useful life for developed technology and customer relationships as of July 31, 2019 was 3.5 years and 4.7 years, respectively.

During fiscal 2020, we recorded an aggregate of $17.4 million and $1.3 million of developed technology and customer relationships with an estimated average useful life of 5.0 years and 5.0 years, respectively, in connection with our acquisitions of Edgewise and Cloudneeti. Refer to Note 6, Business Acquisitions, for further information.

Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets was $3.4 million and $0.9 million in fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, respectively. We did not have acquired intangible assets prior to fiscal 2019. Amortization expense of developed technology is recorded primarily within cost of revenues and research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Amortization expense of customer relationships is recorded within sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:


	Amortization Expense
	(in thousands)
Year ending July 31,
2021	$	6,308
2022	5,700
2023	5,196
2024	3,761
2025	3,059
Total	$	24,024

Convertible Senior Notes

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Convertible Senior Notes

On June 25, 2020, we issued $1,150.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “Notes”), including the exercise in full by the initial purchasers of the Notes of their option to purchase an additional $150.0 million principal amount of the Notes. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.125% per year and interest is payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021. The Notes mature on July 1, 2025, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The total net proceeds from the offering, after deducting initial purchase discounts and other debt issuance costs, was $1,130.5 million.

The Notes are unsecured obligations and do not contain any financial covenants or restrictions on the payments of dividends, the incurrence of indebtedness or the issuance or repurchase of securities by us or any of our subsidiaries.

The following table presents details of the Notes:

Initial Conversion Rate per $1,000 Principal

Initial Conversion Price

Initial Number of Shares

(in thousands)

Notes

6.6315 shares

$150.80

7,626

The Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 1, 2025, only under the following circumstances:

•During any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on October 31, 2020 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on the Notes on each applicable trading day;

•During the five-business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate of the Notes on each such trading day;

•If we call any or all of the Notes for redemption, the Notes called for redemption (or, at our election all Notes) may be submitted for conversion at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events as set forth within the indenture governing the Notes.

On or after April 1, 2025, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert, all or any portion of their Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, we will satisfy its conversion obligation by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. It is our current intent to settle the principal amount of the Notes in cash. During fiscal 2020, the conditions allowing holders of the Notes to convert have not been met. The Notes were therefore not convertible during fiscal 2020 and are classified as a noncurrent liability in our consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2020.

We may not redeem the Notes prior to July 5, 2023. On or after July 5, 2023, and prior to the 21st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, we may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes, at our option, if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes. If we redeem less than all the outstanding Notes, and only Notes called for redemption may be converted in connection with such partial redemption, at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes must be outstanding and not subject to such partial redemption as of the relevant redemption notice date.

In the event of a corporate event that constitutes a “fundamental change (as defined in the indenture)”, holders of the Notes may require us to purchase with cash all or a portion of the Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes plus any accrued and unpaid special interest, if any. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date, or if we issue a notice of redemption, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with such corporate event or notice of redemption, as the case may be.

In accounting for the issuance of the Notes and the related transaction costs, we separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component were initially calculated by measuring the fair value of similar liabilities that do not have associated convertible features utilizing the interest rate of 5.75%. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was $278.5 million and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Notes. This difference represents the debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component was recorded in additional paid-in capital and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

Total issuance costs of $19.5 million related to the Notes was allocated between liability, totaling $14.8 million, and equity, totaling $4.7 million, in the same proportion as the allocation of the total proceeds to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount is amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the Notes at an effective interest rate of 6.03%. The issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted against additional paid-in capital. The amount recorded for the equity component of the Notes was $273.4 million, net of allocated issuance costs of $4.7 million and deferred tax impact of $0.4 million.

The net carrying amount of the liability component of the Notes is as follows:


	July 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Principal amount	$	1,150,000
Less:
Unamortized debt discount	273,829
Unamortized debt issuance costs	14,556
Net carrying amount	$	861,615

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes for fiscal 2020:



	Amount
	(in thousands)
Contractual interest expense	$	140
Amortization of debt discount	4,638
Amortization of issuance costs	247
Total	$	5,025

The total fair value of the Notes was $1,307.5 million as of July 31, 2020. The fair value was determined based on the closing trading price per $1,000 of the Notes as of the last day of trading for the period. We consider the fair value of the Notes at July 31, 2020 to be a Level 2 measurement as they are not actively traded. The fair value of the Notes is primarily affected by the trading price of our common stock and market interest rates.

Capped Calls

In connection with the pricing of the Notes, we entered into capped call transactions with the option counterparties (the "Capped Calls"). The Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of $150.80 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the Notes. The Capped Calls have an initial cap price of $246.76 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The capped call transactions are generally expected to reduce potential dilution to our common stock upon any conversion of notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The Capped Calls are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting us, including merger events, tender offers and the announcement of such events. In addition, the Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings and hedging disruptions. For accounting purposes, the Capped Calls are separate transactions, and not part of the terms of the Notes. As the Capped Calls qualify for a scope exception from derivative accounting for instruments that are both indexed to the issuer's own stock and classified in stockholder's equity in its statement of financial position, the premium of $145.2 million paid for the purchase of the Capped Calls has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and will not be remeasured.

Operating Leases

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Operating Leases

The following is a summary of our operating lease costs for fiscal 2020:


	Real Estate Arrangements		Co-Location Arrangements		Total
	(in thousands)
Operating lease	$	5,020	$	8,582	$	13,602
Short-term lease cost	1,399		904		2,303
Variable lease cost	1,508		1,715		3,223
Sublease income	(126)		—		(126)
Total operating lease costs	$	7,801	$	11,201	$	19,002

The following table present information about leases on our consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2020:


	Real Estate Arrangements		Co-Location Arrangements		Total
	(in thousands)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	16,990	$	19,129	$	36,119
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,307	$	10,293	$	15,600
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	$	17,849	$	10,174	$	28,023

At July 31, 2020, the real estate arrangements’ weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for operating leases were 5.1 years and 4.8%, respectively. At July 31, 2020, the co-location arrangements' weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for operating leases were 2.0 years and 3.2%. respectively.

Cash paid, net of tenant incentives for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $7.6 million for fiscal 2020.

For fiscal 2019, the rent expense and bandwidth and co-location expenses was $3.0 million and $13.8 million, respectively. For fiscal 2018, the rent expense and bandwidth and co-location expenses was $2.5 million and $9.4 million, respectively. Rent expense prior to fiscal 2020 was recognized in accordance with ASC 840, Leases, using the straight-line method over the term of the lease.

Maturities of operating lease liabilities consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:



	Real Estate Arrangements		Co-Location Arrangements		Total
Year ending July 31,	(in thousands)
2021	$	6,299	$	10,763	$	17,062
2022	4,844		8,710		13,554
2023	4,111		1,653		5,764
2024	3,702		—		3,702
2025	3,362		—		3,362
Thereafter	3,903		—		3,903
Total future minimum lease payments	26,221		21,126		47,347
Less: Imputed interest	3,065		659		3,724
Total	$	23,156	$	20,467	$	43,623

As of July 31, 2020, we have entered into non-cancelable operating leases with a term greater than 12 months that have not yet commenced with undiscounted future minimum payments of $18.2 million, which are excluded from the above table. These operating leases will commence between August 2020 and July 2023 with lease terms ranging from 1.2 years to 6.0 years.

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:



	Real Estate Arrangements		Data Center Arrangements		Total
Year ending July 31,	(in thousands)
2020	$	4,624	$	11,766	$	16,390
2021	5,836		9,890		15,726
2022	4,871		5,533		10,404
2023	6,143		106		6,249
2024	6,509		—		6,509
Thereafter	15,977		—		15,977
Total	$	43,960	$	27,295	$	71,255

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Jul. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Non-cancelable Purchase Obligations In the normal course of business, we enter into non-cancelable purchase commitments with various parties to purchase products and services such as technology equipment, subscription-based cloud service arrangements, corporate events and consulting services. As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, we had outstanding non-cancelable purchase obligations with a term of 12 months or longer of $20.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Legal Matters Symantec Litigation On December 12, 2016 and April 18, 2017, Symantec Corporation ("Symantec") filed two separate complaints in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging that "Zscaler's cloud security platform" infringed multiple U.S. patents held by Symantec (the "Symantec Cases"). The complaints in the Symantec Cases sought compensatory damages, injunctions, enhanced damages and attorney fees. In July and August 2017, the Symantec Cases were transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. On November 4, 2019, Broadcom, Inc. ("Broadcom") announced the completion of its acquisition of certain assets and assumption of certain liabilities of Symantec's enterprise security business, including all rights, titles, and interests in the patents asserted in the Symantec Cases. On January 12, 2020, we entered into a settlement and patent license agreement with CA, Inc., a Broadcom affiliate, pursuant to which the Symantec Cases were dismissed with prejudice effective as of January 13, 2020. In connection with the settlement, we made a payment of $15.0 million to Broadcom, and Broadcom provided us with patent licenses, a release and a covenant not to sue. We determined that there is no material future economic benefit from the acquired Broadcom license and accordingly, we recorded an expense of $15.0 million within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations for fiscal 2020. Finjan Litigation On December 5, 2017, Finjan, Inc. filed a complaint, in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that certain of our products infringed four U.S. patents held by Finjan, Inc. and seeking compensatory damages, an injunction, enhanced damages and attorney fees. On April 30, 2019, we entered into patent license and settlement agreements with Finjan, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively "Finjan"), resolving all claims in the lawsuit, and made a payment of $7.3 million to Finjan, Inc. Pursuant to the agreements, Finjan provided us with a worldwide fully paid license to the broader Finjan patent portfolio, releases for past damages, and covenants not to sue. On May 1, 2019, the court dismissed Finjan, Inc.’s complaint with prejudice. We determined that there is no material future economic benefit from the acquired Finjan license and accordingly, we recorded an incremental expense of $4.1 million within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations in fiscal 2019. In prior periods, we had recorded accruals related to this litigation for $0.7 million in fiscal 2018 and $2.5 million in fiscal 2017. Other Litigation and Claims In addition, from time to time we are a party to various litigation matters and subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including patent, commercial, product liability, employment, class action, whistleblower and other litigation and claims, as well as governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. In addition, third parties may from time to time assert claims against us in the form of letters and other communications. Except as otherwise described above, there is no pending or threatened legal proceeding to which we are a party that, in our opinion, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our future financial results or operations; however, the results of litigation and claims are inherently unpredictable. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. The expense of litigation and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change and could adversely affect our results of operations.

Convertible Preferred Stock	12 Months Ended
Convertible Preferred Stock	Jul. 31, 2020
Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]
Convertible Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock Upon completion of our IPO, as further described in Note 1, Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of these consolidated financial statements all shares of convertible preferred stock then outstanding, totaling 72,500,750 shares, were automatically converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis and their carrying value, totaling $207.3 million, inclusive of accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock of $24.7 million, was reclassified to stockholders' equity. Prior to the IPO, we recognized accretion to the redemption price of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accretion was recognized as a reduction of additional paid-in capital with a corresponding increase to the carrying value of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock. Upon completion of the IPO, the accretion rights of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock were terminated. We recognized accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock of $6.3 million in fiscal 2018.

Common Stock

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Common Stock

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held and are not entitled to receive dividends unless declared by our board of directors.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

The following table summarizes our shares of common stock reserved for future issuance:


			July 31, 2020
			(in thousands)
Equity awards outstanding:
Stock options			5,175
Unvested restricted stock units			8,069
Committed unvested performance stock awards, based on the target number of shares			434
Committed unvested restricted stock units not yet issued related to our acquisition of Edgewise			120
Unvested performance stock awards			1,294
Share purchase rights committed under the employee stock purchase plan			568
Equity awards available for future grants:
Equity incentive plans			16,564
Employee stock purchase plan			2,153
Total			34,377

Stock Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

We adopted the Fiscal Year 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan") in fiscal 2018 and the 2007 Stock Plan (the "2007 Plan") in fiscal 2008, collectively referred to as the "Plans." Equity incentive awards which may be granted to eligible participants under the Plans include restricted stock units, restricted stock, stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares. With the establishment of the 2018 Plan, we no longer grant stock-based awards under the 2007 Plan and any shares underlying stock options that expire or terminate or are forfeited or repurchased by us under the 2007 Plan are automatically transferred to the 2018 Plan.

As of July 31, 2020, a total of 25.1 million shares of common stock have been reserved for the issuance of equity awards under the 2018 Plan, of which 16.6 million shares were available for grant. The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan also includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year pursuant to its automatic annual increase provision.

Stock Options

The stock option activity consisted of the following for fiscal 2020:


		Outstanding Stock Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price	Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balance as of July 31, 2019		8,861	$7.16	4.6	$	683,294




Granted		150	$49.59
Exercised		(3,450)	$6.26		$	242,416

Canceled, forfeited or expired		(386)	$8.31
Balance as of July 31, 2020		5,175	$8.90	4.0	$	625,904
Exercisable and expected to vest as of July 31, 2019		3,311	$5.60	4.0	$	260,479
Exercisable and expected to vest as of July 31, 2020		2,546	$6.46	3.5	$	314,111

The aggregate intrinsic value of the options exercised represents the difference between the fair value of our common stock on the date of exercise and their exercise price. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 was $242.4 million, $300.9 million and $16.7 million, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of awards granted for fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2018 was $22.76 and $3.77, respectively.

We estimated the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:


	Year Ended July 31⁽¹⁾
	2020	2018
Expected term (in years)	6.1	4.6 - 5.1
Expected stock price volatility	46.1%	40.3% - 42.3%
Risk-free interest rate	1.7%	1.7% - 2.8%
Dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%

⁽¹⁾There were no stock options granted during fiscal 2019.

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Awards

The 2018 Plan allows for the grant of RSUs. Generally, RSUs are subject to a four-year vesting period, with 25% of the shares vesting approximately one year from the vesting commencing date and quarterly thereafter over the remaining vesting term. We began granting RSUs in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

The 2018 Plan also allows for the grant of PSAs. The right to earn the PSAs is subject to achievement of the defined performance metrics and continuous employment service. The performance metrics are defined and approved by the compensation committee of our board of directors or by our senior management for certain types of awards. Generally, earned PSAs are subject to additional time-based vesting.

PSAs related to the fiscal 2019 performance period, totaling approximately 0.5 million shares with a weighted-average grant date fair value per share of $36.90, were forfeited effective at the end of fiscal 2019, resulting in a reversal of $3.8 million of accrued stock-based compensation expense recognized in the nine months ended April 30, 2019. Accordingly, no stock-based compensation expense was recognized for these awards in fiscal 2019.

As of July 31, 2020, we determined that the service inception date for 0.2 million PSAs preceded the grant date, and we recognized $10.5 million of stock-based compensation expense associated with these PSAs in fiscal 2020.

As of July 31, 2020, there were 0.9 million outstanding PSAs for which the performance metrics have not been defined as of such date. Accordingly, such awards are not considered granted for accounting purposes as of July 31, 2020 and have been excluded from the below table.

The activity of RSUs and PSAs consisted of the following for fiscal 2020:


	Underlying Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Balance as of July 31, 2019	4,152	$48.51	$	349,872
Granted	6,376	$65.81
Vested	(1,297)	$51.57	$	93,754
Canceled or forfeited	(678)	$51.31
Balance as of July 31, 2020	8,553	$60.72	$	1,110,694

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

We adopted the Fiscal Year 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. As of July 31, 2020, a total of 4.7 million shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance under the ESPP, out of which 2.7 million shares were available for grant. The number of shares reserved includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year pursuant to its automatic annual increase provision. The ESPP provides for consecutive offering periods that will typically have a duration of approximately 24 months in length and is comprised of four purchase periods of approximately six months in length. The offering periods are scheduled to start on the first trading day on or after June 15 and December 15 of each year. During fiscal 2020, employees purchased approximately 0.8 million shares of common stock under our ESPP at an average purchase price of $18.76 per share, resulting in total cash proceeds of $15.3 million.

ESPP employee payroll contributions accrued at July 31, 2020 and 2019, was $3.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively, and are included within accrued compensation in the consolidated balance sheets. Payroll contributions accrued as of July 31, 2020 will be used to purchase shares at the end of the current ESPP purchase period ending on December 15, 2020. Payroll contributions ultimately used to purchase shares will be reclassified to additional paid-in capital on the purchase date.

The fair value of the purchase rights granted under the ESPP was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020	2019	2018
Expected term (in years)	0.5 - 2.0	0.5 - 2.0	0.5 - 2.3
Expected stock price volatility	53.6% - 73.6%	44.0% - 61.9%	30.7% - 53.2%
Risk-free interest rate	0.2% - 1.7%	1.9% - 2.7%	2.0% - 2.6%
Dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%

Early Exercised Stock Options

The 2007 Plan allowed for the early exercise of stock options for certain individuals as determined by our board of directors. The consideration received for an early exercised stock option is considered to be a deposit of the exercise price and the related proceed is initially recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance and reclassified to additional paid-in capital as the awards vest. Upon an employee’s termination, we have the option to repurchase unvested shares at a price per share equal to the lesser of the fair market value of the shares at the time of the repurchase or the original purchase price. We reclassified to additional paid-in capital $0.5 million, $1.0 million and $3.2 million related to awards vested during fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively. As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, the number of shares of common stock subject to repurchase was approximately 19,000 shares and 122,000 shares with an aggregate exercise price of $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The liability for early exercised stock options is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Notes Receivable from Stockholders

Prior to fiscal 2017, we entered into notes receivable agreements with certain of our current and former executives and employees in connection with the exercise of their stock options. The outstanding principal amount and related accrued interest on the notes are presented as contra-equity in the consolidated balance sheets until the notes are fully settled. During fiscal 2019, the outstanding principal amount of $1.9 million and accrued interest of $0.2 million were fully repaid.

Deferred Merger Consideration

In connection with the acquisition of Edgewise, as further described in Note 6, Business Acquisitions, certain former employees (who became our employees on the closing date of the business acquisition) are entitled to receive a deferred merger consideration payable in shares of our authorized common stock. The shares will be released on a quarterly basis over the vesting period of three years beginning from the closing date. The fair value of these awards of $9.3 million will be recognized as stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period within research and development expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The components of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations consisted of the following:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	7,318	$	2,926	$	757
Sales and marketing	66,539		23,118		5,044
Research and development	30,173		15,090		3,045
General and administrative	17,365		5,289		2,378
Total	$	121,395	$	46,423	$	11,224

As of July 31, 2020, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to outstanding equity-based awards, including awards for which the service inception date has been met but the grant date has not been met, was $508.5 million, which is expected to be amortized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years.

During fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, we capitalized $4.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively of stock-based compensation associated with the development of software for internal-use. Stock-based compensation related to projects capitalized in fiscal 2018 was immaterial.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

The following table sets forth the geographical breakdown of the income (loss) before the provision for income taxes:


	Year ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Domestic	$	(123,085)	$	(34,145)	$	(36,455)
International	10,357		6,233		4,146
Loss before provision for income taxes	$	(112,728)	$	(27,912)	$	(32,309)

The following table sets forth the components of the provision for income taxes:


	Year ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

Current:	(in thousands)
Federal	$	—	$	—	$	—
State	45		64		(2)
Foreign	4,013		2,325		1,480
Total current tax expense	4,058		2,389		1,478

Deferred:
Federal	(864)		(1,431)		—
State	(243)		(107)		—
Foreign	(563)		(108)		(141)
Total deferred tax expense	(1,670)		(1,646)		(141)

Total provision for income taxes	$	2,388	$	743	$	1,337

The following table presents the reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate:


	Year ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Tax at federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State taxes	0.2		0.1		—
Impact of foreign rate differential	—		(0.9)		0.3

Meals and entertainment	(0.2)		(1.9)		(1.3)
Stock-based compensation	37.0		147.2		(3.8)
Impact of U.S. tax reform	—		—		(58.6)
Provision to return adjustments	(0.3)		1.2		2.8
U.S. tax credits	6.8		10.0		3.7
Change in valuation allowance	(65.0)		(176.9)		33.5
Withholding tax	(1.1)		(2.4)		(1.1)
Other	(0.5)		(0.1)		(0.6)
Effective tax rate	(2.1)	%	(2.7)	%	(4.1)	%

Our estimated effective tax rate for the periods presented differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to our foreign earnings being taxed at different rates than the U.S. statutory rate and as well as the benefit of stock compensation deductions, offset by the impact of the valuation allowance we maintain against our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. During fiscal 2018, the impact of the Tax Act includes the effect of remeasuring our deferred tax assets and liabilities at 21% plus the effects of the one-time mandatory transition tax which was offset by our valuation allowance. During fiscal 2020 and 2019, we recognized an income tax benefit of $1.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively, as a result of a release in our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets as a result of deferred taxes recorded as part of the acquisition accounting of Cloudneeti Corporation, Edgewise Networks Inc. and Appsulate, Inc. Refer to Note 6, Business Combinations, for further information.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 or the Tax Act was enacted. The Tax Act contains several key tax provisions that affect us, including, but not limited to, reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% imposing a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously untaxed foreign earnings, and changing rules related to the use of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. Because of the full valuation allowance recorded against our U.S. federal deferred tax assets, there was no income tax expense (or benefit) recognized related to the Tax Act.

The following table presents the tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and liabilities:


	July 31,
	2020		2019

	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses carryovers	$	149,430	$	87,413
Accruals and reserves	3,896		1,763
Deferred revenue	27,123		14,752
Tax credits carryovers	23,573		10,330
Stock-based compensation	14,218		6,112
Property and equipment	1,002		560
Operating lease liabilities	8,571		—
Other	33		232
Gross deferred tax assets	227,846		121,162
Less: Valuation allowance	(130,236)		(103,732)
Total deferred tax assets	$	97,610	$	17,430

Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets	(4,224)		(1,178)
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(24,727)		(15,906)
Convertible senior notes	(61,071)		—
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(6,978)		—
Other	(131)		(89)
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	(97,131)	$	(17,173)

Net deferred tax assets	$	479	$	257

A deferred tax liability has not been recognized on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. Income taxes are generally incurred upon a repatriation of assets, a sale, or a liquidation of the subsidiary. The excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis in the investments in foreign subsidiaries, as well as the unrecognized deferred tax liability, are not material for the periods presented.

The following table presents the change in the valuation allowance:


	Year ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Balance as of the beginning of the period	$	103,732	$	45,578	$	51,493
Change during the period	26,504		58,154		(5,915)
Balance as of the end of the period	$	130,236	$	103,732	$	45,578

The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in future periods. We regularly assess the ability to realize our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We weigh all available positive and negative evidence, including our earnings history and results of recent operations, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Due to the weight of objectively verifiable negative evidence, including our history of losses, we believe that it is more likely than not that our U.S. federal and, state deferred tax assets will not be realized as of July 31, 2020 and 2019, and as such, we have maintained a full valuation allowance against such deferred tax assets. During fiscal 2019, we determined that due to the weight of objectively verifiable negative evidence, our U.K. deferred tax assets are no longer more likely than not to be realized in the future and a full valuation allowance was recorded and has been maintained as of July 31, 2020.

The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable; however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced or increased or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight may be given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth. In the event we determine that we will be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets will be reversed in the period in which we make such determination. The release of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets may cause greater volatility in the effective tax rate in the periods in which the valuation allowance is released. The valuation allowance against our U.S. federal, state and U.K. deferred tax assets increased by $26.5 million, $58.2 million and decreased by $5.9 million in fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively. The decrease in the valuation allowance in fiscal 2018 was primarily related to the change in the federal statutory rate, while the increase in the valuation allowance in fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 was related to tax losses for which insufficient positive evidence exists to support their realizability.

As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, we have net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes of $626.3 million and $360.0 million, respectively, which are available to offset future federal taxable income. Beginning in 2027, $177.8 million of the federal net operating losses will begin to expire. The remaining $448.5 million of the federal net operating losses will carry forward indefinitely. As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, we have net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes of $177.1 million and $109.5 million, respectively. Beginning in 2024, $164.7 million of state net operating losses will begin to expire at different periods. The remaining $12.4 million of state net operating losses will carry forward indefinitely. As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, we had foreign net operating loss carryforward of $19.5 million and $17.7 million, respectively, all of which will be carried forward indefinitely.

As of July 31, 2020, we had federal and California research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $19.5 million and $14.5 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal credit carryforwards will begin expiring at different periods beginning in 2033. The California credit will be carried forward indefinitely.

Federal and state tax laws impose restrictions on the utilization of net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards in the event of a change in our ownership as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, Sections 382 and 383. Under Section 382 and 383 of the Code, substantial changes in our ownership and the ownership of acquired companies may limit the amount of net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards that are available to offset taxable income. The annual limitation would not automatically result in the loss of net operating loss or research and development credit carryforwards but may limit the amount available in any given future period.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. As of July 31, 2020, all years are open for examination and may become subject to examination in the future. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our for income tax expense for the fiscal year. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Our estimate of the potential outcome of any tax position is subject to management’s assessment of relevant risks, facts and circumstances existing at that time. These unrecognized tax benefits are established when we believe that certain positions might be challenged despite of belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable. We recognize interest and penalties associated with our unrecognized tax benefits as a component of our income tax expense. For the periods presented, we did not have material interest or penalties associated with the unrecognized tax benefits in the consolidated financial statements.

We had $10.5 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of July 31, 2020, none of which would affect our effective tax rate if recognized due to our U.S. valuation allowance. The gross unrecognized tax benefits relate to income tax positions which, if recognized, would be in the form of carryforward deferred tax asset that would be offset by a valuation allowance. As of July 31, 2020, we do not believe that our estimates, as otherwise provided for, on such tax positions will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.

The changes in our gross unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2020 consisted of the following:


	Amount
	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2018	$	2,622
Gross decrease for tax positions of prior fiscal years	(288)

Gross increase for tax positions in fiscal 2019	2,093
Balance as of July 31, 2019	4,427
Gross increase for tax positions of prior fiscal years	1,611
Gross increase for tax positions of current fiscal year	4,471
Balance as of July 31, 2020	$	10,509

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References + Details

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common StockholdersBasic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. We consider all series of our convertible preferred stock to be participating securities. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the holders of our convertible preferred stock do not have a contractual obligation to share in our losses. In March 2018, upon completion of our IPO, all shares of convertible preferred stock then outstanding, were automatically

converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis. As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, we did not have shares of convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase. The diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, our stock options, shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options, share purchase rights under the employee stock purchase plan, unvested restricted stock units ("RSUs"), unvested performance stock awards ("PSAs") and shares related to the Notes are considered to be potential common stock equivalents.

Since we have reported net losses for all periods presented, we have excluded all potentially dilutive securities from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is antidilutive and accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same for all periods presented.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Net loss	$	(115,116)	$	(28,655)	$	(33,646)
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	—		—		(6,332)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(115,116)	$	(28,655)	$	(39,978)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	129,323		123,566		63,881
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.89)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.63)

The following table summarizes the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because the impact of including them would have been antidilutive:


	July 31,
	2020	2019	2018

	(in thousands)

Outstanding stock options	5,175	8,861	16,175
Shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options	19	122	423
Share purchase rights under the ESPP	568	913	2,044
Unvested RSUs	8,069	4,152	209
Unvested PSAs⁽¹⁾	723	—	—
Total	14,554	14,048	18,851

⁽¹⁾ The number of unvested PSAs is based on the target number of shares granted and excludes unvested PSAs for which performance conditions have not been established as of July 31, 2020, as they are not considered outstanding for accounting purposes. Refer to Note 13, Stock-Based Compensation, for further information.

The shares underlying the conversion option in the Notes were not considered in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Based on the initial conversion price, the entire outstanding principal amount of the Notes as of July 31, 2020 would have been convertible into approximately 7.6 million shares of our common stock. Since we expect to settle the principle amount of the Notes in cash, we use the treasury stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect on diluted net income per share, if applicable. As a result, only the amount by which the conversion value exceeds the aggregate principal amount of the Notes (the “conversion spread”) is considered in the diluted earnings per share computation. The conversion spread has a dilutive impact on diluted net income per share when the average market price of our common stock for a given period exceeds the initial conversion price of $150.80 per share for the Notes. We excluded the potentially dilutive effect of the conversion spread of the Notes as the average market price of our common stock during the three months ended July 31, 2020 was less than the conversion price of the Notes. In connection with the issuance of the Notes, we entered into Capped Calls, which were not included for purposes of calculating the number of diluted shares outstanding, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

Segment and Geographic Information

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Segment and Geographic Information

Segment and Geographic Information Our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is our chief executive officer. We derive our revenue primarily from sales of subscription services to our cloud platform and related support services. Our CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, we determined that we operate as one operating segment.

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, which are summarized by geographic area as follows:


	July 31,
	2020⁽¹⁾		2019

	(in thousands)
United States	$	74,264	$	28,847
Rest of the world	37,589		12,199
Total	$	111,853	$	41,046

⁽¹⁾On August 1, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting standard ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on a modified retrospective basis at the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption.

Refer to Note 2, Revenue Recognition for information on revenue by geography.

401(k) Plan	12 Months Ended
401(k) Plan	Jul. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
401(k) Plan	401(k) Plan We have a defined-contribution plan intended to qualify under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code (the "401(k) Plan"). We contract with a third-party provider to act as a custodian and trustee, and to process and maintain the records of participant data. In fiscal 2020, we began contributing to the 401(k) Plan, making matching contributions of $2.0 million.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

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+ Details

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Jul. 31, 2020
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions We previously entered into notes receivable agreements with certain of our current and former executives and employees in connection with the exercise of their stock options. Outstanding notes receivable were fully repaid during fiscal 2019. Refer to Note 13, Stock-Based Compensation, of these consolidated financial statements for further information.

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Fiscal Year	Fiscal Year Our fiscal year ends on July 31. References to fiscal 2020, for example, refer to our fiscal year ended July 31, 2020.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of revenue recognition, deferred revenue, deferred contract acquisition costs, valuation of acquired intangible assets, the period of benefit generated from our deferred contract acquisition costs, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of common stock options and stock-based awards, useful lives of property and equipment, useful lives of acquired intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, loss contingencies related to litigation, fair value and effective interest rate of our convertible senior notes, valuation of strategic investments and the discount rate used for operating leases. Management determines these estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is ongoing uncertainty and significant disruption in the global economy and financial markets. We are not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require an update to our estimates, judgments or assumptions or a revision to the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of issuance of these financial statements. These estimates, judgments and assumptions may change in the future, as new events occur or additional information is obtained.
Foreign Currency	Foreign Currency The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, monetary assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are re-measured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the reporting date, non-monetary assets and liabilities are re-measured at historical rates, revenue and expenses are re-measured at average exchange rates in effect during each reporting period. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.
Concentration of Risks	Concentration of Risks We generate revenue primarily from sale of subscriptions to access our cloud platform, together with related support services. Our sales team, along with our channel partner network of global telecommunications service providers, system integrators and value-added resellers (collectively "channel partners"), sells our services worldwide to organizations of all sizes. Due to the nature of our services and the terms and conditions of our contracts with our channel partners, our business could be affected unfavorably if we are not able to continue our relationships with them. Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Although we deposit our cash with multiple financial institutions, the deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of highly liquid investments in money market funds, U.S. treasury, U.S. agency securities and corporate debt securities, which are invested through financial institutions in the United States. We grant credit to our customers in the normal course of business. We monitor the financial condition of our customers to reduce credit risk. Refer to Note 2, Revenue Recognition, for information regarding customers with concentration of 10% of more of the total balance of accounts receivable, net.
Segment Information	Segment Information We operate as one reportable and operating segment. Our chief operating decision maker is our chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition We adopted Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers ("ASC 606"), effective as of August 1, 2017. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services. To achieve the core principle of this standard, we apply the following five steps: 1) Identify the contract with a customer We consider the terms and conditions of the contracts and our customary business practices in identifying our contracts under ASC 606. We determine we have a contract with a customer when the contract is approved, we can identify each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred, we can identify the payment terms for the services, we have determined the customer has the ability and intent to pay and the contract has commercial substance. We apply judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intent to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. 2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Our performance obligations consist of (i) our subscription and support services and (ii) professional and other services. 3) Determine the transaction price The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component. 4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price ("SSP"). 5) Recognize revenue when or as we satisfy a performance obligation Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised service to a customer. Revenue is recognized when control of the services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those services. We generate all our revenue from contracts with customers and apply judgment in identifying and evaluating any terms and conditions in contracts which may impact revenue recognition. Subscription and Support Revenue We generate revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions to access our cloud platform, together with related support services to our customers. Arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of our software operating our cloud platform at any time. Instead, customers are granted continuous access to our cloud platform over the contractual period. A time-elapsed output method is used to measure progress because we transfer control evenly over the contractual period. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to subscription and support revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. The typical subscription and support term is one to three years. Most of our contracts are non-cancelable over the contractual term. Customers typically have the right to terminate their contracts for cause if we fail to perform in accordance with the contractual terms. Some of our customers have the option to purchase additional subscription and support services at a stated price. These options generally do not provide a material right as they are priced at our SSP. Professional and Other Services Revenue Professional and other services revenue consists of fees associated with providing deployment advisory services that educate and assist our customers on the best use of our solutions, as well as advise customers on best practices as they deploy our solution. These services are distinct from subscription and support services. Professional services do not result in significant customization of the subscription service. Revenue from professional services provided on a time and materials basis is recognized as the services are performed. Total professional and other services revenue has historically not been material. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations Most of our contracts with customers contain multiple promised services consisting of: (i) our subscription and support services and (ii) professional and other services that are distinct and accounted for separately. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative SSP basis. We determine SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration the type of subscription and support services and professional and other services, the geographical region of the customer and the number of users. Variable Consideration Revenue from sales is recorded at the net sales price, which is the transaction price, and includes estimates of variable consideration. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price is constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue will not occur when the uncertainty is resolved. If our services do not meet certain service level commitments, our customers are entitled to receive service credits, and in certain cases, refunds, each representing a form of variable consideration. We have historically not experienced any significant incidents affecting the defined levels of reliability and performance as required by our subscription contracts. Accordingly, estimated refunds related to these agreements were not material to the periods presented. We provide rebates and other credits within our contracts with certain customers, which are estimated based on the value expected to be earned or claimed on the related sales transaction. Overall, the transaction price is reduced to reflect our estimate of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. Estimated rebates and other credits were not material during the periods presented.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance	Accounts Receivable and Allowance Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. We have a well-established collections history from our customers. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. In determining the necessary allowance for doubtful accounts, management considers the current aging and financial condition of our customers, the amount of receivables in dispute and current payment patterns.
Cash Equivalents	We classify all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less from the date of purchase as cash equivalents and all highly liquid investments with original maturities beyond 90 days at the time of purchase as short-term investments. Our cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of highly liquid investments in money market funds, U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities and corporate debt securities.
Short-Term Investments	We classify our investments as available-for-sale investments and present them within current assets since these investments represent funds available for current operations and we have the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate any of these investments in order to meet our liquidity needs within the next 12 months and expected investments to grow our business, including potential business acquisitions and other strategic transactions. Our investments are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Our investments are reviewed periodically to determine whether a decline in a security’s fair value below the amortized cost basis is other-than-temporary. If the cost of an individual investment exceeds its fair value, we consider available quantitative and qualitative factors such as the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and our intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized cost basis. If we believe that a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, we write down these investments to fair value. There were no impairments recognized on our investments during the periods presented. Interest income, amortization (accretion) of investments purchased at a premium (discount), realized gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other-than-temporary on our available-for-sale securities are included in interest income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. We use the specific identification method to determine the cost in calculating realized gains and losses upon the sale of these investments.
Strategic Investments	Strategic Investments Our strategic investments consist of non-marketable equity investment in privately-held companies in which we do not have a controlling interest or significant influence. We have elected to apply the measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair value, measuring them at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar security of the issuer. An impairment loss is recorded when events or circumstances indicates a decline in value has occurred. We include these strategic investments within other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments Our financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and convertible senior notes. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are recorded at fair value. Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short-time to the expected receipt or payment date. Assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets, consisting of cash equivalents and short-term investments, are categorized in accordance with the fair value hierarchy based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values. Convertible senior notes are carried at the initially allocated liability value less unamortized debt discount and issuance costs on its consolidated balance sheet, and it presents the fair value of the convertible senior notes at each reporting period for disclosure purposes only.
Property and Equipment	Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment, net are stated at historical cost net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment, excluding leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and significant improvements and betterments that substantially enhance the life of an asset are capitalized.
Capitalized Internal-Use Software Development Costs	Capitalized Internal-Use Software Development CostsWe capitalize certain costs incurred during the application development stage in connection with software development for our cloud security platform. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are recorded as part of property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years, and is recorded as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.
Business Combinations	Business Combinations We account for our business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, allocation of the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we make estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill if new information is obtained related to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. After the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition costs, such as legal and consulting fees, are expensed as incurred.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of purchase consideration in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill amounts are not amortized, but rather tested for impairment at least annually or more often if circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. No indications of impairment of goodwill were noted during the periods presented. Acquired intangible assets consist of identifiable intangible assets, including developed technology and customer relationships, resulting from business combinations. Acquired finite-lived intangible assets are initially recorded at fair value and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense of developed technology and customer relationships is recorded primarily within cost of revenues, sales and marketing and research and development expenses, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and acquired intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We measure the recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows that these assets are expected to generate. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of an asset, we record an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value. In fiscal 2020, we recognized asset impairments of $0.7 million in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of operations related primarily to the abandonment of a leased facility and relocation of our corporate headquarters.
Deferred Offering Costs	Deferred Offering CostsDeferred offering costs consisted of fees and expenses incurred in connection with the sale of our common stock in an IPO, including legal, accounting, printing and other IPO-related costs.
Operating Leases	Operating Leases We enter into operating lease arrangements for real estate assets related to office space and co-location assets related to space and racks at data center facilities. We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at its inception by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration. Operating leases related balances are included in "operating lease right-of-use assets," "operating lease liabilities," and "operating lease liabilities, noncurrent" in our consolidated balance sheets. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease payments consist of the fixed payments under the arrangement. The operating lease liabilities is adjusted for any unpaid lease incentives, such as tenant improvement allowances. Variable costs, such as maintenance and utilities based on actual usage, are not included in the measurement of right-to-use assets and lease liabilities but are expensed when the event determining the amount of variable consideration to be paid occurs. As the implicit rate of our leases is not determinable, we use an incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We generally use the base, non-cancelable lease term when recognizing the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, unless it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised. We account for lease components and non-lease components as a single lease component. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are not recognized on the consolidated balance sheets. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation Compensation expense related to stock-based awards granted to employees and non-employees is calculated based on the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant. We recognize stock-based compensation expense over an award’s requisite service period based on the award’s fair value. Stock-based compensation for common stock options is recognized based on the fair value of the awards granted, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and a single option award approach. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, generally four years. Stock-based compensation for purchase rights granted under the employee stock purchase plan is based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model fair value of the number of awards estimated as of the beginning of the offering period. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized following the straight-line attribution method over the offering period. Stock-based compensation for restricted stock units is measured based on the market closing price of our common stock on the grant date. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, generally four years. Stock-based compensation for performance stock awards (“PSAs”) which have the same grant date and service inception date, is based on the probable number of shares to be attained and the market closing price of our common stock at the grant date. For PSAs where the service inception date of the awards precedes the grant date, stock-based compensation expense is recognized based on the number of PSAs for which it is probable that the performance condition will be met, using the accelerated attribution method and the market closing price of our common stock at each reporting date up to the grant date. The number of these PSAs for which it is probable that the performance condition will be met is determined using management’s best estimate at the end of each reporting period. At the completion of the performance period for these PSAs, any earned PSAs are granted upon approval of the compensation committee of our board of directors. Prior to our IPO, the fair value of our common stock for financial reporting purposes was determined considering numerous objective and subjective factors and required judgment to determine the fair value of common stock as of each grant date. Subsequent to the IPO, we determine the fair value using the market closing price of our common stock on the date of grant.
Convertible Senior Notes	Convertible Senior Notes In accounting for the issuance of the convertible senior notes, we separate the convertible senior notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amounts of the liability component is calculated by measuring the fair value of similar liabilities that do not have associated convertible features. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the convertible senior notes as a whole. This difference represents the debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the convertible senior notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component was recorded in additional paid-in capital and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the related debt issuance costs, we allocate the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the convertible senior notes based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the convertible senior notes. The issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted against the equity component representing the conversion option in additional paid-in capital. To the extent that we receive the convertible senior notes conversion requests prior to their maturity, a portion of the equity component is classified as temporary equity, which is measured as the difference between the principal and net carrying amount of the convertible senior notes requested for conversion. Upon settlement of the conversion requests, the difference between the fair value and the amortized book value of the liability component of the convertible senior notes requested for conversion is recorded as a gain or loss on early note conversion. The fair value of the convertible senior notes is measured based on a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature based on the remaining term of the convertible senior notes.
Research and Development	Research and Development Our research and development expenses support our efforts to add new features to our existing offerings and to ensure the reliability, availability and scalability of our solutions. Our cloud platform is software-driven, and our research and development teams employ software engineers in the design and the related development, testing, certification and support of our solutions. Accordingly, the majority of our research and development expenses result from employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits and costs associated with technology tools used by our engineers.
Advertising Expenses	Advertising ExpensesAdvertising expenses are charged to sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred.
Warranties and Indemnification	Warranties and Indemnification Our cloud platform is generally warranted to be free of defects under normal use and to perform substantially in accordance with the subscription agreement. Additionally, our contracts generally include provisions for indemnifying customers and channel partners against liabilities if our services infringe or misappropriate a third party’s intellectual property rights. Costs and liabilities incurred as a result of warranties and indemnification obligations were not material during the periods presented.
Legal Contingencies	Legal Contingencies We may be subject to legal proceedings and litigation arising from time to time. We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. We periodically evaluate developments in our legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that we accrue, if any, and adjust, as appropriate. Until the final resolution of any such matter for which we may be required to record a liability, there may be a loss exposure in excess of the liability recorded and such amount could be significant. We expense legal fees as incurred.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying the enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the Tax Act, was enacted. The Tax Act contains several key tax provisions that affect us, including, but not limited to, those reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34% to 21%, imposing a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously untaxed foreign earnings and changing rules related to the use of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. Because of the full valuation allowance recorded against our U.S. federal deferred tax assets, there was no income tax expense (or benefit) recognized related to the Tax Act.
Comprehensive Loss	Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments that are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity and are excluded from net loss.
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Prior to the IPO, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. We consider all series of our convertible preferred stock to be participating securities. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the holders of our convertible preferred stock do not have a contractual obligation to share in our losses. Under the two-class method, net income is attributed to common stockholders and participating securities based on their participation rights. Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net loss attributable to common stockholders is calculated by adjusting the net loss for the accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding during the period. Upon closing of the IPO, all shares of convertible preferred stock then outstanding were automatically converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis and their carrying amount reclassified into stockholders’ equity (deficit). As of July 31, 2020 and 2019, we did not have shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding. Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts basic earnings per share for all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of stock options, shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options, share purchase rights under the employee stock purchase plan, unvested restricted stock units ("RSUs"), unvested performance stock awards ("PSAs") and shares related to convertible senior notes. Since we have reported net losses for all periods presented, we have excluded all potentially dilutive securities from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is antidilutive and accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same for all periods presented.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements; Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"), as amended, which requires recognition of lease assets and liabilities for leases with terms of more than 12 months. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this standard effective August 1, 2019 using the transitional provision which allows for the adoption of Topic 842 to be applied on a modified retrospective basis at the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. As such, the consolidated balance sheets for prior periods are not comparable to our fiscal 2020 periods. The adoption of this new standard resulted in the recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets of $16.9 million and operating lease liabilities of $18.0 million. We have elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows us to carryforward our historical lease classification, our assessment on whether a contract is or contains a lease, and our initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the new standard. We have also elected to combine lease and non-lease components for real estate and co-location arrangements. In addition, we elected not to recognize lease liabilities and related right-of-use assets for leases that, at the lease commencement date, have a lease term of 12 months or less. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) ("ASU 2019-12"): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new standard eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences related to changes in ownership of equity method investments and foreign subsidiaries. The guidance also simplifies aspects of accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates, and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. For public business entities, it is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We early adopted this standard as of November 1, 2019, and it did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This standard amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities to require that credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. The measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets and subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded in the statements of operations. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this standard effective August 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective transition method. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, which is not expected to be material. In June 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This standard eliminates the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models for convertible instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity’s own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. In addition, the new guidance modifies how particular convertible instruments and certain contracts that may be settled in cash or shares impact the diluted EPS computation. For public business entities, it is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years using the fully retrospective or modified retrospective method. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the shipping address of customers who have contracted to use our cloud platform:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020						2019						2018
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
United States	$	210,288	49	%	$	148,807	49	%	$	86,123	45	%
Europe, Middle East and Africa ^(*)	174,497		40		124,437		41		84,828		45
Asia Pacific	38,793		9		23,838		8		14,465		8
Other	7,691		2		5,754		2		4,758		2
Total	$	431,269	100	%	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%

_____

(*) Revenue from the United Kingdom represented 10%, 10% and 11% of the total revenue for fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively.

The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020						2019						2018
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
Channel partners	$	414,908	96	%	$	289,579	96	%	$	175,798	92	%
Direct customers	16,361		4		13,257		4		14,376		8
Total	$	431,269	100	%	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%

Schedule of Accounts Receivable

The following table summarizes the concentration of 10% or more of the total balance of accounts receivable, net:


	July 31,
	2020		2019
Channel partner A	11	%	11	%
Channel partner B	*		12	%
Channel partner C	*		10	%

* Represents less than 10%.

Capitalized Contract Cost

The following table summarizes the activity of the deferred contract acquisition costs:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	69,785	$	55,910	$	34,662
Capitalization of contract acquisition costs	65,052		32,526		34,429
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	(24,922)		(18,651)		(13,181)
Ending balance	$	109,915	$	69,785	$	55,910

Deferred contract acquisition costs	$	32,240	$	21,219	$	16,136
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	77,675		48,566		39,774
Total deferred contract acquisition costs	$	109,915	$	69,785	$	55,910

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	51,690	$	—	$	—	$	51,690
U.S. treasury securities	39,997		—		(1)		39,996
U.S. government agency securities	14,997		—		—		14,997
Total	$	106,684	$	—	$	(1)	$	106,683

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	415,539	$	152	$	(127)	$	415,564
U.S. government agency securities	595,725		186		(114)		595,797
Corporate debt securities	216,879		569		(87)		217,361
Total	$	1,228,143	$	907	$	(328)	$	1,228,722

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	1,334,827	$	907	$	(329)	$	1,335,405

Cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	55,036	$	—	$	—	$	55,036





Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	125,042	$	248	$	(9)	$	125,281
U.S. government agency securities	64,689		7		(50)		64,646
Corporate debt securities	96,047		207		(19)		96,235
Total	$	285,778	$	462	$	(78)	$	286,162

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	340,814	$	462	$	(78)	$	341,198

Schedule of Maturities

The amortized cost and fair value of our short-term investments based on their stated maturities consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Due within one year	$	621,952	$	622,392
Due between one and two years	606,191		606,330
Total	$	1,228,143	$	1,228,722

Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments

Short-term investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of July 31, 2020 consisted of the following :


	Less than 12 Months						Greater than 12 Months						Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities	$	347,959	$	(127)	$	—	$	—	$	347,959	$	(127)
U.S. government agency securities	340,503		(113)		5,502		(1)		346,005		(114)
Corporate debt securities	105,953		(87)		—		—		105,953		(87)
Total	$	794,415	$	(327)	$	5,502	$	(1)	$	799,917	$	(328)

Short-term investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of July 31, 2019 consisted of the following :


	Less than 12 Months						Greater than 12 Months						Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities	$	5,719	$	(9)	$	—	$	—	$	5,719	$	(9)
U.S. government agency securities	36,550		(37)		9,992		(13)		46,542		(50)
Corporate debt securities	14,279		(16)		8,364		(3)		22,643		(19)
Total	$	56,548	$	(62)	$	18,356	$	(16)	$	74,904	$	(78)

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis

Assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:


			Level I		Level II		Level III
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	51,690	$	51,690	$	—	$	—
U.S. treasury securities	39,996		—		39,996		—
U.S. government agency securities	14,997		—		14,997		—
Total	$	106,683	$	51,690	$	54,993	$	—

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	415,564	$	—	$	415,564	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	595,797		—		595,797		—
Corporate debt securities	217,361		—		217,361		—
Total	$	1,228,722	$	—	$	1,228,722	$	—

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	1,335,405	$	51,690	$	1,283,715	$	—

Assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


			Level I		Level II		Level III
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	55,036	$	55,036	$	—	$	—





Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	125,281	$	—	$	125,281	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	64,646		—		64,646		—
Corporate debt securities	96,235		—		96,235		—
Total	$	286,162	$	—	$	286,162	$	—

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	341,198	$	55,036	$	286,162	$	—

Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:


		July 31,
	Estimated Useful Life	2020		2019

		(in thousands)
Hosting equipment	3 years	$	87,418	$	56,910
Computers and equipment	3-5 years	3,875		2,837
Purchased software	3 years	1,311		1,311
Capitalized internal-use software	3 years	23,081		9,904
Furniture and fixtures	5 years	1,965		1,566
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or lease term	8,712		2,255
Property and equipment, gross		126,362		74,783
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(50,628)		(33,737)
Total property and equipment, net		$	75,734	$	41,046

Business Combinations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Assets Acquired

The allocation of the purchase price consideration consisted of the following:


	Amount		Estimated Useful Life

	(in thousands)
Assets acquired:
Cash and other assets	$	294
Operating lease right-of-use asset	630
Acquired intangible assets:
Developed technology	13,900		5 years
Customer relationships	1,300		5 years
Goodwill	16,709
Total	$	32,833
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	333
Deferred revenue	540
Operating lease liability	630
Deferred tax liability	620
Total	$	2,123

Total purchase price consideration	$	30,710

The allocation of the purchase price consideration consisted of the following:


	Amount		Estimated Useful Life

	(in thousands)
Assets acquired:
Cash and other assets	$	66
Acquired intangible assets:
Developed technology	3,500		5 years
Goodwill	5,871
Total	$	9,437
Liabilities assumed:
Deferred tax liability	$	490
Other liabilities	12
Total	$	502

Total purchase price consideration	$	8,935

The allocation of the purchase price consideration, consisted of the following:


	Amount		Estimated Useful Life
	(in thousands)
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13
Acquired intangible assets:
Developed technology	7,000		4 years
Goodwill	$	7,281
Total	$	14,294
Liabilities assumed:
Deferred tax liability	$	1,422

Total purchase price consideration	$	12,872

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following:


	Amount
	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2019	$	7,479
Goodwill acquired	22,580
Balance as of July 31, 2020	$	30,059

Schedule of Acquired Intangible Assets

Acquired intangible assets subject to amortization consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020 and 2019:


	Gross Carrying Amount										Accumulated Amortization							Net Carrying Amount	Weighted Average Remaining Useful life
	July 31, 2019		Additions		July 31, 2020		July 31, 2019		Amortization Expense		July 31, 2020		July 31, 2019		July 31, 2020		July 31, 2020

	(in thousands)																			(years)
Developed technology	$	9,456	$	17,400	$	26,856	$	(897)	$	(3,309)	$	(4,206)	$	8,559	$	22,650	4.2
Customer relationships	160		1,300		1,460		(11)		(75)		(86)		149		1,374		4.7
Total	$	9,616	$	18,700	$	28,316	$	(908)	$	(3,384)	$	(4,292)	$	8,708	$	24,024	4.3

Schedule of Future Amortization Expense

Future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:


	Amortization Expense
	(in thousands)
Year ending July 31,
2021	$	6,308
2022	5,700
2023	5,196
2024	3,761
2025	3,059
Total	$	24,024

Convertible Senior Notes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Convertible Senior Notes

The following table presents details of the Notes:

Initial Conversion Rate per $1,000 Principal

Initial Conversion Price

Initial Number of Shares

(in thousands)

Notes

6.6315 shares

$150.80

7,626

The net carrying amount of the liability component of the Notes is as follows:


	July 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Principal amount	$	1,150,000
Less:
Unamortized debt discount	273,829
Unamortized debt issuance costs	14,556
Net carrying amount	$	861,615

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes for fiscal 2020:



	Amount
	(in thousands)
Contractual interest expense	$	140
Amortization of debt discount	4,638
Amortization of issuance costs	247
Total	$	5,025

Operating Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Operating Lease Costs

The following is a summary of our operating lease costs for fiscal 2020:


	Real Estate Arrangements		Co-Location Arrangements		Total
	(in thousands)
Operating lease	$	5,020	$	8,582	$	13,602
Short-term lease cost	1,399		904		2,303
Variable lease cost	1,508		1,715		3,223
Sublease income	(126)		—		(126)
Total operating lease costs	$	7,801	$	11,201	$	19,002

Summary of Lease Assets and Liabilities

The following table present information about leases on our consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2020:


	Real Estate Arrangements		Co-Location Arrangements		Total
	(in thousands)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	16,990	$	19,129	$	36,119
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,307	$	10,293	$	15,600
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	$	17,849	$	10,174	$	28,023

Schedule of Lease Maturities

Maturities of operating lease liabilities consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020:



	Real Estate Arrangements		Co-Location Arrangements		Total
Year ending July 31,	(in thousands)
2021	$	6,299	$	10,763	$	17,062
2022	4,844		8,710		13,554
2023	4,111		1,653		5,764
2024	3,702		—		3,702
2025	3,362		—		3,362
Thereafter	3,903		—		3,903
Total future minimum lease payments	26,221		21,126		47,347
Less: Imputed interest	3,065		659		3,724
Total	$	23,156	$	20,467	$	43,623

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:



	Real Estate Arrangements		Data Center Arrangements		Total
Year ending July 31,	(in thousands)
2020	$	4,624	$	11,766	$	16,390
2021	5,836		9,890		15,726
2022	4,871		5,533		10,404
2023	6,143		106		6,249
2024	6,509		—		6,509
Thereafter	15,977		—		15,977
Total	$	43,960	$	27,295	$	71,255

Common Stock (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Common Stock

The following table summarizes our shares of common stock reserved for future issuance:


			July 31, 2020
			(in thousands)
Equity awards outstanding:
Stock options			5,175
Unvested restricted stock units			8,069
Committed unvested performance stock awards, based on the target number of shares			434
Committed unvested restricted stock units not yet issued related to our acquisition of Edgewise			120
Unvested performance stock awards			1,294
Share purchase rights committed under the employee stock purchase plan			568
Equity awards available for future grants:
Equity incentive plans			16,564
Employee stock purchase plan			2,153
Total			34,377

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of an entity's stock, including par or stated value per share, number and dollar amount of share subscriptions, shares authorized, shares issued, shares outstanding, number and dollar amount of shares held in an employee trust, dividend per share, total dividends, share conversion features, par value plus additional paid in capital, the value of treasury stock and other information necessary to a fair presentation, and EPS information. Stock by class includes common, convertible, and preferred stocks which are not redeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer. Includes preferred stock with redemption features that are solely within the control of the issuer and mandatorily redeemable stock if redemption is required to occur only upon liquidation or termination of the reporting entity. If more than one issue is outstanding, state the title of each issue and the corresponding dollar amount; dollar amount of any shares subscribed but unissued and the deduction of subscriptions receivable there from; number of shares authorized, issued, and outstanding.

+ References

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+ Details

Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock Options

The stock option activity consisted of the following for fiscal 2020:


		Outstanding Stock Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price	Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balance as of July 31, 2019		8,861	$7.16	4.6	$	683,294




Granted		150	$49.59
Exercised		(3,450)	$6.26		$	242,416

Canceled, forfeited or expired		(386)	$8.31
Balance as of July 31, 2020		5,175	$8.90	4.0	$	625,904
Exercisable and expected to vest as of July 31, 2019		3,311	$5.60	4.0	$	260,479
Exercisable and expected to vest as of July 31, 2020		2,546	$6.46	3.5	$	314,111

Schedule of Valuation Assumptions

We estimated the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:


	Year Ended July 31⁽¹⁾
	2020	2018
Expected term (in years)	6.1	4.6 - 5.1
Expected stock price volatility	46.1%	40.3% - 42.3%
Risk-free interest rate	1.7%	1.7% - 2.8%
Dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%

⁽¹⁾There were no stock options granted during fiscal 2019.

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Awards Activity

The activity of RSUs and PSAs consisted of the following for fiscal 2020:


	Underlying Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Balance as of July 31, 2019	4,152	$48.51	$	349,872
Granted	6,376	$65.81
Vested	(1,297)	$51.57	$	93,754
Canceled or forfeited	(678)	$51.31
Balance as of July 31, 2020	8,553	$60.72	$	1,110,694

Schedule of ESPP Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of the purchase rights granted under the ESPP was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020	2019	2018
Expected term (in years)	0.5 - 2.0	0.5 - 2.0	0.5 - 2.3
Expected stock price volatility	53.6% - 73.6%	44.0% - 61.9%	30.7% - 53.2%
Risk-free interest rate	0.2% - 1.7%	1.9% - 2.7%	2.0% - 2.6%
Dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%

Schedule of Allocation of Stock-based Compensation Expense

The components of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations consisted of the following:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	7,318	$	2,926	$	757
Sales and marketing	66,539		23,118		5,044
Research and development	30,173		15,090		3,045
General and administrative	17,365		5,289		2,378
Total	$	121,395	$	46,423	$	11,224

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign

The following table sets forth the geographical breakdown of the income (loss) before the provision for income taxes:


	Year ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Domestic	$	(123,085)	$	(34,145)	$	(36,455)
International	10,357		6,233		4,146
Loss before provision for income taxes	$	(112,728)	$	(27,912)	$	(32,309)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The following table sets forth the components of the provision for income taxes:


	Year ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

Current:	(in thousands)
Federal	$	—	$	—	$	—
State	45		64		(2)
Foreign	4,013		2,325		1,480
Total current tax expense	4,058		2,389		1,478

Deferred:
Federal	(864)		(1,431)		—
State	(243)		(107)		—
Foreign	(563)		(108)		(141)
Total deferred tax expense	(1,670)		(1,646)		(141)

Total provision for income taxes	$	2,388	$	743	$	1,337

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The following table presents the reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate:


	Year ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Tax at federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State taxes	0.2		0.1		—
Impact of foreign rate differential	—		(0.9)		0.3

Meals and entertainment	(0.2)		(1.9)		(1.3)
Stock-based compensation	37.0		147.2		(3.8)
Impact of U.S. tax reform	—		—		(58.6)
Provision to return adjustments	(0.3)		1.2		2.8
U.S. tax credits	6.8		10.0		3.7
Change in valuation allowance	(65.0)		(176.9)		33.5
Withholding tax	(1.1)		(2.4)		(1.1)
Other	(0.5)		(0.1)		(0.6)
Effective tax rate	(2.1)	%	(2.7)	%	(4.1)	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents the tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and liabilities:


	July 31,
	2020		2019

	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses carryovers	$	149,430	$	87,413
Accruals and reserves	3,896		1,763
Deferred revenue	27,123		14,752
Tax credits carryovers	23,573		10,330
Stock-based compensation	14,218		6,112
Property and equipment	1,002		560
Operating lease liabilities	8,571		—
Other	33		232
Gross deferred tax assets	227,846		121,162
Less: Valuation allowance	(130,236)		(103,732)
Total deferred tax assets	$	97,610	$	17,430

Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets	(4,224)		(1,178)
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(24,727)		(15,906)
Convertible senior notes	(61,071)		—
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(6,978)		—
Other	(131)		(89)
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	(97,131)	$	(17,173)

Net deferred tax assets	$	479	$	257

Summary of Valuation Allowance

The following table presents the change in the valuation allowance:


	Year ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Balance as of the beginning of the period	$	103,732	$	45,578	$	51,493
Change during the period	26,504		58,154		(5,915)
Balance as of the end of the period	$	130,236	$	103,732	$	45,578

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The changes in our gross unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2020 consisted of the following:


	Amount
	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2018	$	2,622
Gross decrease for tax positions of prior fiscal years	(288)

Gross increase for tax positions in fiscal 2019	2,093
Balance as of July 31, 2019	4,427
Gross increase for tax positions of prior fiscal years	1,611
Gross increase for tax positions of current fiscal year	4,471
Balance as of July 31, 2020	$	10,509

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Loss Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2018

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Net loss	$	(115,116)	$	(28,655)	$	(33,646)
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	—		—		(6,332)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(115,116)	$	(28,655)	$	(39,978)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	129,323		123,566		63,881
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.89)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.63)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share


	July 31,
	2020	2019	2018

	(in thousands)

Outstanding stock options	5,175	8,861	16,175
Shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options	19	122	423
Share purchase rights under the ESPP	568	913	2,044
Unvested RSUs	8,069	4,152	209
Unvested PSAs⁽¹⁾	723	—	—
Total	14,554	14,048	18,851

(1) The number of unvested PSAs is based on the target number of shares granted and excludes unvested PSAs for which performance conditions have not been established as of July 31, 2020, as they are not considered outstanding for accounting purposes. Refer to Note 13, Stock-Based Compensation, for further information.

Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, which are summarized by geographic area as follows:


	July 31,
	2020⁽¹⁾		2019

	(in thousands)
United States	$	74,264	$	28,847
Rest of the world	37,589		12,199
Total	$	111,853	$	41,046

(1) On August 1, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting standard ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on a modified retrospective basis at the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption.

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($) segment shares	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($) shares	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Reverse stock split, ratio		0.6667
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares) \| shares		13,800,000
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 16.00	$ 16.00
Sale of stock, net proceeds		$ 205,300,000
Payments for underwriting expense		15,500,000			$ 15,456,000
Asset impairment charges			$ 700,000
Offering costs		$ 6,200,000			6,164,000
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering (in shares) \| shares	72,500,750
Conversion ratio	1	1
Foreign currency loss			$ 300,000	$ 300,000	100,000
Number of reportable segments \| segment			1
Number of operating segments \| segment			1
Investment impairment			$ 0	0
Capitalized software costs			13,200,000	3,700,000	1,800,000
Capitalized software, amortization expense			$ 1,400,000	1,000,000.0	900,000
Requisite service period			4 years
Advertising expense			$ 11,800,000	$ 8,600,000	$ 3,400,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares			0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) \| shares			0	0
Accounting standards update				us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201602Member
Operating lease right-of-use assets			$ 36,119,000
Total			$ 43,623,000
Cumulative effect of accounting change
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets				$ 16,900,000
Total				$ 18,000,000.0
Minimum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Contract with customer, term of contract			1 year
Estimated Useful Life			3 years
Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Contract with customer, term of contract			3 years
Estimated Useful Life			5 years
Capitalized internal-use software
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life			3 years

Revenue Recognition - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Contract with customer, liability, revenue recognized	$ 220.9	$ 143.9	$ 85.3
Remaining performance obligation amount	$ 782.8
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period	5 years
Accrued sales commission	$ 21.0	$ 9.0
Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Payment terms	30 days
Contract with customer, term of contract	1 year
Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Payment terms	90 days
Contract with customer, term of contract	3 years
Transferred over Time \| Product Concentration Risk \| Subscription and support \| Revenue Benchmark
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	98.00%	99.00%	99.00%

Revenue Recognition - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 431,269	$ 302,836	$ 190,174
Geographic Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 431,269	$ 302,836	$ 190,174
% Revenue	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark \| United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 210,288	$ 148,807	$ 86,123
% Revenue	49.00%	49.00%	45.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark \| Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 174,497	$ 124,437	$ 84,828
% Revenue	40.00%	41.00%	45.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark \| Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 38,793	$ 23,838	$ 14,465
% Revenue	9.00%	8.00%	8.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark \| Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 7,691	$ 5,754	$ 4,758
% Revenue	2.00%	2.00%	2.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark \| United Kingdom
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
% Revenue	10.00%	10.00%	11.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 431,269	$ 302,836	$ 190,174
% Revenue	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark \| Channel partners
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 414,908	$ 289,579	$ 175,798
% Revenue	96.00%	96.00%	92.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Revenue Benchmark \| Direct customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 16,361	$ 13,257	$ 14,376
% Revenue	4.00%	4.00%	8.00%

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Accounts Receivable (Details) - Accounts Receivable - Customer Concentration Risk	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Channel partner A
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	11.00%	11.00%
Channel partner B
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		12.00%
Channel partner C
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		10.00%

Revenue Recognition - Remaining Performance Obligation (Details)	Jul. 31, 2020
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-08-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, percentage	55.00%
Remaining performance obligation, period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-08-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, percentage	98.00%
Remaining performance obligation, period	3 years

Revenue Recognition - Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Changes in Capitalized Contract Cost [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 69,785	$ 55,910	$ 34,662
Capitalization of contract acquisition costs	65,052	32,526	34,429
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	(24,922)	(18,651)	(13,181)
Ending balance	109,915	69,785	55,910
Deferred contract acquisition costs				$ 32,240	$ 21,219	$ 16,136
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent				77,675	48,566	39,774
Total deferred contract acquisition costs	$ 109,915	$ 55,910	$ 34,662	$ 109,915	$ 69,785	$ 55,910

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments - Schedule of Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash equivalents, amortized cost	$ 106,684
Cash equivalents, unrealized gains	0
Cash equivalents, unrealized losses	(1)
Cash equivalents, fair value	106,683
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	1,228,143	$ 285,778
Short-term investment, unrealized gains	907	462
Short-term investments, unrealized losses	(328)	(78)
Short-term investments	1,228,722	286,162
Cash equivalents and short-term investments, amortized cost	1,334,827	340,814
Cash equivalents and short-term investments, unrealized gains	907	462
Cash equivalents and short-term investments, unrealized losses	(329)	(78)
Cash equivalents and short-term investments, estimated fair value	1,335,405	341,198
Money market funds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash equivalents, amortized cost	51,690	55,036
Cash equivalents, unrealized gains	0	0
Cash equivalents, unrealized losses	0	0
Cash equivalents, fair value	51,690	55,036
U.S. treasury securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash equivalents, amortized cost	39,997
Cash equivalents, unrealized gains	0
Cash equivalents, unrealized losses	(1)
Cash equivalents, fair value	39,996
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	415,539	125,042
Short-term investment, unrealized gains	152	248
Short-term investments, unrealized losses	(127)	(9)
Short-term investments	415,564	125,281
U.S. government agency securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash equivalents, amortized cost	14,997
Cash equivalents, unrealized gains	0
Cash equivalents, unrealized losses	0
Cash equivalents, fair value	14,997
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	595,725	64,689
Short-term investment, unrealized gains	186	7
Short-term investments, unrealized losses	(114)	(50)
Short-term investments	595,797	64,646
Corporate debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	216,879	96,047
Short-term investment, unrealized gains	569	207
Short-term investments, unrealized losses	(87)	(19)
Short-term investments	$ 217,361	$ 96,235

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments - Schedule of Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Due within one year, amortized cost	$ 621,952
Due within one year, fair value	622,392
Due between one and two years, amortized cost	606,191
Due between one and two years, fair value	606,330
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	1,228,143	$ 285,778
Total short-term investments, fair value	$ 1,228,722	$ 286,162

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments - Schedule of Unrealized Position (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 794,415	$ 56,548
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(327)	(62)
Greater than 12 months, fair value	5,502	18,356
Greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(1)	(16)
Total fair value	799,917	74,904
Total unrealized losses	(328)	(78)
U.S. treasury securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, fair value	347,959	5,719
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(127)	(9)
Greater than 12 months, fair value	0	0
Greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	0	0
Total fair value	347,959	5,719
Total unrealized losses	(127)	(9)
U.S. government agency securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, fair value	340,503	36,550
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(113)	(37)
Greater than 12 months, fair value	5,502	9,992
Greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(1)	(13)
Total fair value	346,005	46,542
Total unrealized losses	(114)	(50)
Corporate debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, fair value	105,953	14,279
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(87)	(16)
Greater than 12 months, fair value	0	8,364
Greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	0	(3)
Total fair value	105,953	22,643
Total unrealized losses	$ (87)	$ (19)

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Carrying value	$ 2.0

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Cash equivalents:
Total	$ 106,683
Short-term investments:
Total	1,228,722	$ 286,162
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Cash equivalents:
Total	106,683
Short-term investments:
Total	1,228,722	286,162
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	1,335,405	341,198
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Cash equivalents:
Total	51,690
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	51,690	55,036
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Cash equivalents:
Total	54,993
Short-term investments:
Total	1,228,722	286,162
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	1,283,715	286,162
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Cash equivalents:
Total	0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	0	0
Money market funds
Cash equivalents:
Total	51,690	55,036
Money market funds \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Cash equivalents:
Total	51,690	55,036
Money market funds \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Cash equivalents:
Total	51,690	55,036
Money market funds \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Cash equivalents:
Total	0	0
Money market funds \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Cash equivalents:
Total	0	0
U.S. treasury securities
Cash equivalents:
Total	39,996
Short-term investments:
Total	415,564	125,281
U.S. treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Cash equivalents:
Total	39,996
Short-term investments:
Total	415,564	125,281
U.S. treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Cash equivalents:
Total	0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
U.S. treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Cash equivalents:
Total	39,996
Short-term investments:
Total	415,564	125,281
U.S. treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Cash equivalents:
Total	0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
U.S. government agency securities
Cash equivalents:
Total	14,997
Short-term investments:
Total	595,797	64,646
U.S. government agency securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Cash equivalents:
Total	14,997
Short-term investments:
Total	595,797	64,646
U.S. government agency securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Cash equivalents:
Total	0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
U.S. government agency securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Cash equivalents:
Total	14,997
Short-term investments:
Total	595,797	64,646
U.S. government agency securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Cash equivalents:
Total	0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
Corporate debt securities
Short-term investments:
Total	217,361	96,235
Corporate debt securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Short-term investments:
Total	217,361	96,235
Corporate debt securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
Corporate debt securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Short-term investments:
Total	217,361	96,235
Corporate debt securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Short-term investments:
Total	$ 0	$ 0

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 126,362	$ 74,783
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(50,628)	(33,737)
Total property and equipment, net	$ 75,734	41,046
Hosting equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 87,418	56,910
Computers and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 3,875	2,837
Purchased software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,311	1,311
Capitalized internal-use software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 23,081	9,904
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,965	1,566
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 8,712	$ 2,255
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Minimum \| Computers and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Maximum \| Computers and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years

Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 17,734	$ 10,398	$ 7,988

Business Combinations - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands				9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 22, 2020	Apr. 16, 2020	May 29, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets					$ 17,400
Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets					1,300
Edgewise Networks
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	$ 30,700
Goodwill, excluding recognition of deferred tax liability	16,700
Acquisition related costs					$ 600
Acquisition, deferred tax liability	620
Edgewise Networks \| Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets	13,900
Edgewise Networks \| Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets	$ 1,300
Cloudneeti
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price		$ 8,900
Goodwill, excluding recognition of deferred tax liability		5,900
Acquired intangible assets		3,500
Acquisition related costs				$ 500
Acquisition, deferred tax liability		$ 490
Appsulate, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price			$ 12,900
Goodwill, excluding recognition of deferred tax liability			7,300
Acquired intangible assets			7,000
Acquisition related costs						$ 300
Acquisition, deferred tax liability			$ 1,422
Individual Business Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price						$ 1,100

Business Combinations - Net Assets Acquired (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands				12 Months Ended
	May 22, 2020	Apr. 16, 2020	May 29, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Assets acquired:
Goodwill				$ 30,059	$ 7,479
Developed technology
Assets acquired:
Acquired intangible assets:				$ 17,400
Liabilities assumed:
Estimated Useful Life				5 years	3 years 6 months
Customer relationships
Assets acquired:
Acquired intangible assets:				$ 1,300
Liabilities assumed:
Estimated Useful Life				5 years	4 years 8 months 12 days
Edgewise Networks
Assets acquired:
Cash and other assets	$ 294
Operating lease right-of-use asset	630
Goodwill	16,709
Total	32,833
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	333
Deferred revenue	540
Operating lease liability	630
Deferred tax liability	620
Total	2,123
Total purchase price consideration	30,710
Edgewise Networks \| Developed technology
Assets acquired:
Acquired intangible assets:	$ 13,900
Liabilities assumed:
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Edgewise Networks \| Customer relationships
Assets acquired:
Acquired intangible assets:	$ 1,300
Liabilities assumed:
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Cloudneeti
Assets acquired:
Cash and other assets		$ 66
Acquired intangible assets:		3,500
Goodwill		5,871
Total		9,437
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		12
Deferred tax liability		490
Total		502
Total purchase price consideration		$ 8,935
Estimated Useful Life		5 years
Appsulate, Inc.
Assets acquired:
Cash and other assets			$ 13
Acquired intangible assets:			7,000
Goodwill			7,281
Total			14,294
Liabilities assumed:
Deferred tax liability			1,422
Total purchase price consideration			$ 12,872
Estimated Useful Life			4 years

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance as of July 31, 2019	$ 7,479
Goodwill acquired	22,580
Balance as of July 31, 2020	$ 30,059

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Schedule of Acquired Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible Assets, Gross, beginning balance	$ 9,616
Additions	18,700
Intangible Assets, Gross, ending balance	28,316	$ 9,616
Accumulated Amortization, beginning balance	(908)
Amortization Expense	(3,384)	(908)	$ 0
Accumulated Amortization, ending balance	(4,292)	(908)
Total	$ 24,024	8,708
Weighted Average
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Weighted Average Remaining Useful life	4 years 3 months 18 days
Developed technology
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible Assets, Gross, beginning balance	$ 9,456
Additions	17,400
Intangible Assets, Gross, ending balance	26,856	9,456
Accumulated Amortization, beginning balance	(897)
Amortization Expense	(3,309)
Accumulated Amortization, ending balance	(4,206)	(897)
Total	$ 22,650	8,559
Developed technology \| Weighted Average
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Weighted Average Remaining Useful life	4 years 2 months 12 days
Customer relationships
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible Assets, Gross, beginning balance	$ 160
Additions	1,300
Intangible Assets, Gross, ending balance	1,460	160
Accumulated Amortization, beginning balance	(11)
Amortization Expense	(75)
Accumulated Amortization, ending balance	(86)	(11)
Total	$ 1,374	$ 149
Customer relationships \| Weighted Average
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Weighted Average Remaining Useful life	4 years 8 months 12 days

Goodwill and Acquired intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	$ 3,384	$ 908	$ 0
Developed technology
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Useful Life	5 years	3 years 6 months
Acquired intangible assets	$ 17,400
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	$ 3,309
Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Useful Life	5 years	4 years 8 months 12 days
Acquired intangible assets	$ 1,300
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	$ 75

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Schedule of Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2021	$ 6,308
2022	5,700
2023	5,196
2024	3,761
2025	3,059
Total	$ 24,024	$ 8,708

Convertible Senior Notes - Narrative (Details)		12 Months Ended	22 Months Ended
Convertible Senior Notes - Narrative (Details)	Jun. 25, 2020 USD ($) trading_day $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 02, 2025 trading_day	Jul. 25, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from debt issuance	$ 1,130,500,000
Threshold trading days \| trading_day	20
Threshold consecutive trading days \| trading_day	30
Threshold percentage of share price that triggers conversion	130.00%
Number of trading days	5 days
Number of consecutive trading days	5 days
Percentage of closing price (less than)	98.00%
Redemption price, percentage of principal	100.00%
Effective interest rate	5.75%
Carrying amount of equity component	$ 278,500,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	19,500,000	$ 14,556,000
Equity issuance costs	4,700,000
Net carrying amount of equity component	273,400,000
Deferred tax impact	$ 400,000
Fair value of notes		1,307,500,000
Initial strike price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 150.80
Initial cap price (in shares) \| $ / shares	$ 246.76
Net cost of capped call	$ 145,200,000	$ 145,245,000
Long-term Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized debt issuance costs	14,800,000
Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Threshold trading days \| trading_day			20
Threshold consecutive trading days \| trading_day			30
Threshold percentage of share price that triggers conversion			130.00%
Redemption price, percentage of principal			100.00%
Minimum principal amount outstanding not subject to partial redemption				$ 100,000,000.0
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 1,150,000,000.0
Interest rate	0.125%
Effective interest rate	6.03%
Convertible Senior Notes, $150 million
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 150,000,000.0

Convertible Senior Notes - Summary of Notes (Details) shares in Thousands, segment in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 shares $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2020 segment $ / shares
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Conversion ratio per $1,000 principal	0.0066
Initial conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 150.80	$ 150.80
Initial Number of Shares (in shares)	7,626	7.6

Convertible Senior Notes - Carrying Amounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jun. 25, 2020
Convertible Debt [Abstract]
Principal amount	$ 1,150,000
Unamortized debt discount	273,829
Unamortized debt issuance costs	14,556	$ 19,500
Net carrying amount	$ 861,615

Convertible Senior Notes - Interest Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Contractual interest expense	$ 140
Amortization of debt discount	4,638
Amortization of issuance costs	247
Total	$ 5,025

Operating Leases - Lease Costs (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Operating Leases - Lease Costs (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease	$ 13,602
Short-term lease cost	2,303
Variable lease cost	3,223
Sublease income	(126)
Total operating lease costs	19,002
Real Estate Arrangements
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease	5,020
Short-term lease cost	1,399
Variable lease cost	1,508
Sublease income	(126)
Total operating lease costs	7,801
Co-Location Arrangements
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease	8,582
Short-term lease cost	904
Variable lease cost	1,715
Sublease income	0
Total operating lease costs	$ 11,201

Operating Leases - Assets and Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 36,119
Operating lease liabilities, current	15,600
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	28,023
Real Estate Arrangements
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets	16,990
Operating lease liabilities, current	5,307
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	17,849
Co-Location Arrangements
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets	19,129
Operating lease liabilities, current	10,293
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	$ 10,174

Operating Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, payments	$ 7,604
Rent expense		$ 3,000	$ 2,500
Bandwidth and co-location costs		$ 13,800	$ 9,400
Operating lease, not yet commenced, amount	$ 18,200
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, not yet commenced, term	1 year 2 months 12 days
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, not yet commenced, term	6 years
Real Estate Arrangements
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Weighted-average remaining lease term	5 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate	4.80%
Co-Location Arrangements
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Weighted-average remaining lease term	2 years
Weighted-average discount rate	3.20%

Operating Leases - Future Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
2021	$ 17,062
2022	13,554
2023	5,764
2024	3,702
2025	3,362
Thereafter	3,903
Total future minimum lease payments	47,347
Less: Imputed interest	3,724
Total	43,623
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020		$ 16,390
2021		15,726
2022		10,404
2023		6,249
2024		6,509
Thereafter		15,977
Total		71,255
Real Estate Arrangements
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
2021	6,299
2022	4,844
2023	4,111
2024	3,702
2025	3,362
Thereafter	3,903
Total future minimum lease payments	26,221
Less: Imputed interest	3,065
Total	23,156
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020		4,624
2021		5,836
2022		4,871
2023		6,143
2024		6,509
Thereafter		15,977
Total		43,960
Co-Location Arrangements
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
2021	10,763
2022	8,710
2023	1,653
2024	0
2025	0
Thereafter	0
Total future minimum lease payments	21,126
Less: Imputed interest	659
Total	$ 20,467
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020		11,766
2021		9,890
2022		5,533
2023		106
2024		0
Thereafter		0
Total		$ 27,295

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions			4 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 12, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 18, 2017 claim	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase obligation				$ 20.0	$ 2.5
Symantec Cases
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Complaints filed \| claim			2
Broadcom
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement payment	$ 15.0
Litigation expense				$ 15.0
Finjan Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement payment		$ 7.3
Litigation expense					$ 4.1
Accrued liability for potential lawsuit loss						$ 0.7	$ 2.5

Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering (in shares) \| shares	72,500,750
Conversion ratio	1	1
Temporary equity, carrying value	$ 207,300	$ 207,300	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 200,977
Temporary equity, accretion value	$ 24,700
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock			$ 6,332

Common Stock - Narrative (Details)	Jul. 31, 2020 vote
Equity [Abstract]
Number of votes per share	1

Common Stock - Schedule of Common Stock (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	5,175	8,861
Equity awards available for future grants (in shares)	34,377
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	5,175
Unvested RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	8,069
Committed unvested performance stock awards, based on the target number of shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	434
Committed unvested restricted stock units not yet issued related to our acquisition of Edgewise
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	120
Unvested performance stock awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	1,294
Employee stock purchase plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	568
Equity awards available for future grants (in shares)	2,153
Equity incentive plans
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards available for future grants (in shares)	16,564

Stock Based Compensation - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Stock Based Compensation - Narrative (Details)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($) period $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for grant (in shares) \| shares		16,600,000
Options exercised, aggregate intrinsic value		$ 242,416,000	$ 300,900,000	$ 16,700,000
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 22.76		$ 3.77
Shares granted (in shares) \| shares		150,000	0
Stock-based compensation expense		$ 121,395,000	$ 46,423,000	$ 11,224,000
Vesting of early exercised stock options		463,000	983,000	3,255,000
Notes receivable, carrying value			1,900,000
Accrued interest			200,000
Unrecognized compensation cost		$ 508,500,000
Unrecognized compensation cost, weighted-average		3 years 1 month 6 days
Stock based compensation capitalized		$ 4,400,000	$ 500,000
Edgewise Networks
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Fair value of contingent consideration		$ 9,300,000
Unvested RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		4 years
Performance stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares forfeited (in shares) \| shares			500,000
Weighted-average grant date fair value of shares forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 36.90
Stock options granted (in shares) \| shares		200,000
Stock-based compensation expense	$ (3,800,000)	$ 10,500,000	$ 0
Performance shares outstanding (in shares) \| shares		900,000
Employee Stock \| 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for issuance (in shares) \| shares		4,700,000
Shares available for grant (in shares) \| shares		2,700,000
Duration of offering period		24 months
Number of purchases periods \| period		4
Duration of purchase periods		6 months
Shares issued (in shares) \| shares		800,000
Weighted-average purchase price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 18.76
Cash proceeds from the issuance of common stock		$ 15,300,000
Accrued compensation		$ 3,500,000	$ 2,100,000
One year anniversary \| Unvested RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting rights, percentage		25.00%
Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting of early exercised stock options				12,000
Common Stock \| 2018 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for issuance (in shares) \| shares		25,100,000
Common Stock \| Stock Plan 2007
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock subject to repurchase (in shares) \| shares		19,000	122,000
Shares subject to repurchase, value		$ 100,000	$ 600,000
Additional Paid-In Capital
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting of early exercised stock options		$ 463,000	$ 983,000	$ 3,243,000

Stock Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Outstanding Stock Options
Balance (in shares)	8,861,000
Granted (in shares)	150,000	0
Exercised (in shares)	(3,450,000)
Canceled, forfeited, expired (in shares)	(386,000)
Balance (in shares)	5,175,000	8,861,000
Exercisable and expected to vest (in shares)	2,546,000	3,311,000
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 7.16
Granted (in dollars per share)	49.59
Exercised (in dollars per share)	6.26
Canceled, forfeited, expired (in dollars per share)	8.31
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	8.90	$ 7.16
Exercisable and expected to vest (in dollars per share)	$ 6.46	$ 5.60
Additional Disclosures
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years	4 years 7 months 6 days
Exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term	3 years 6 months	4 years
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 625,904	$ 683,294
Options exercised, aggregate intrinsic value	242,416	300,900	$ 16,700
Exercisable and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 314,111	$ 260,479

Stock Based Compensation - Valuation Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	6 years 1 month 6 days
Expected stock price volatility	46.10%
Expected stock price volatility, minimum		40.30%
Expected stock price volatility, maximum		42.30%
Risk-free interest rate	1.70%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum		1.70%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum		2.80%
Dividend rate	0.00%		0.00%
Employee Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected stock price volatility, minimum	53.60%	44.00%	30.70%
Expected stock price volatility, maximum	73.60%	61.90%	53.20%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	0.20%	1.90%	2.00%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	1.70%	2.70%	2.60%
Dividend rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum \| Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)		4 years 7 months 6 days
Minimum \| Employee Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	6 months	6 months	6 months
Maximum \| Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)		5 years 1 month 6 days
Maximum \| Employee Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	2 years	2 years	2 years 3 months 18 days

Stock Based Compensation - RSU and PSA Activity (Details) - RSUs and PSAs - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Underlying Shares
Balance (in shares)	4,152
Stock options granted (in shares)	6,376
Vested (in shares)	(1,297)
Canceled or forfeited (in shares)	(678)
Balance (in shares)	8,553	4,152
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 48.51
Granted (in dollars per share)	65.81
Vested (in dollars per share)	51.57
Weighted-average grant date fair value of shares forfeited (in dollars per share)	51.31
Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 60.72	$ 48.51
Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 1,110,694	$ 349,872
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, vested	$ 93,754

Stock Based Compensation - Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	$ 121,395	$ 46,423	$ 11,224
Cost of revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	7,318	2,926	757
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	66,539	23,118	5,044
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	30,173	15,090	3,045
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	$ 17,365	$ 5,289	$ 2,378

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income before Income Tax (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ (123,085)	$ (34,145)	$ (36,455)
International	10,357	6,233	4,146
Loss before provision for income taxes	$ (112,728)	$ (27,912)	$ (32,309)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Provision of Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Current:
Federal	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
State	45	64	(2)
Foreign	4,013	2,325	1,480
Total current tax expense	4,058	2,389	1,478
Deferred:
Federal	(864)	(1,431)	0
State	(243)	(107)	0
Foreign	(563)	(108)	(141)
Total deferred tax expense	(1,670)	(1,646)	(141)
Total provision for income taxes	$ 2,388	$ 743	$ 1,337

Income Taxes - Schedule of Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Tax at federal statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State taxes	0.20%	0.10%	0.00%
Impact of foreign rate differential	0.00%	(0.90%)	0.30%
Meals and entertainment	(0.20%)	(1.90%)	(1.30%)
Stock-based compensation	37.00%	147.20%	(3.80%)
Impact of U.S. tax reform	0.00%	0.00%	(58.60%)
Provision to return adjustments	(0.30%)	1.20%	2.80%
U.S. tax credits	6.80%	10.00%	3.70%
Change in valuation allowance	(65.00%)	(176.90%)	33.50%
Withholding tax	(1.10%)	(2.40%)	(1.10%)
Other	(0.50%)	(0.10%)	(0.60%)
Effective tax rate	(2.10%)	(2.70%)	(4.10%)

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax benefit	$ (2,388)	$ (743)	$ (1,337)
Change during the period	26,504	58,154	(5,915)
Unrecognized tax benefits	10,509	4,427	$ 2,622
Appsulate, Inc.
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax benefit	1,100	1,400
Federal Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforward	626,300	360,000
Operating loss carryforward, subject to expiration	177,800
Operating loss carryforward, not subject to expiration	448,500
State Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforward	177,100	109,500
Operating loss carryforward, subject to expiration	164,700
Operating loss carryforward, not subject to expiration	12,400
Foreign Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforward	19,500	$ 17,700
Research Tax Credit Carryforward \| Federal Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	19,500
Research Tax Credit Carryforward \| State Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	$ 14,500

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses carryovers	$ 149,430	$ 87,413
Accruals and reserves	3,896	1,763
Deferred revenue	27,123	14,752
Tax credits carryovers	23,573	10,330
Stock-based compensation	14,218	6,112
Property and equipment	1,002	560
Operating lease liabilities	8,571
Other	33	232
Gross deferred tax assets	227,846	121,162
Less: Valuation allowance	(130,236)	(103,732)	$ (45,578)	$ (51,493)
Total deferred tax assets	97,610	17,430
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets	(4,224)	(1,178)
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(24,727)	(15,906)
Convertible senior notes	(61,071)	0
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(6,978)
Other	(131)	(89)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(97,131)	(17,173)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 479	$ 257

Income Taxes - Schedule of Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance as of the beginning of the period	$ 103,732	$ 45,578	$ 51,493
Change during the period	26,504	58,154	(5,915)
Balance as of the end of the period	$ 130,236	$ 103,732	$ 45,578

Income Taxes - Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 4,427	$ 2,622
Gross decrease for tax positions of prior fiscal years		(288)
Gross increase for tax positions of current fiscal year	4,471	2,093
Gross increase for tax positions of prior fiscal years	1,611
Ending balance	$ 10,509	$ 4,427

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Narrative (Details) shares in Thousands, segment in Millions		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2020 shares $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2020 segment $ / shares
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Conversion ratio	1		1
Number of shares if notes converted (in shares)		7,626		7.6
Conversion price (in dollars per share)		$ 150.80		$ 150.80

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (115,116)	$ (28,655)	$ (33,646)
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	0	0	(6,332)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (115,116)	$ (28,655)	$ (39,978)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in shares)	129,323	123,566	63,881
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.23)	$ (0.63)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

+ References

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+ Details

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	14,554	14,048	18,851
Outstanding stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	5,175	8,861	16,175
Shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	19	122	423
Share purchase rights under the ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	568	913	2,044
Unvested RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	8,069	4,152	209
Unvested performance stock awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	723	0	0

Segment and Geographic Information - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020 segment
Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1

Segment and Geographic Information - Schedule of Long-lived Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total	$ 111,853	$ 41,046
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total	74,264	28,847
Rest of the world
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total	$ 37,589	$ 12,199

401(k) Plan (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
401(k) Plan (Details) $ in Millions	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Contribution cost	$ 2.0

Label	Element	Value
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue	$ 0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue	0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue	236,000
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent	0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent	0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent	$ 332,000